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,, Presence of functioning endometrial glands and stroma outside their usual location ( the uterine cavity) ”.

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Presentation on theme: ",, Presence of functioning endometrial glands and stroma outside their usual location ( the uterine cavity) ”."— Presentation transcript:

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2 ,, Presence of functioning endometrial glands and stroma outside their usual location ( the uterine cavity) ”.

3 Genital location : - uterine endometriosis (= Adenomyosis) - extra- uterine endometriosis ( ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, vagina, perineum, rectovaginal septum, uterosacral ligaments, cul-de-sac). Extra- genital location ( urinary tract, the bowel the sigmoid colon, the rectum, the umbilicus)

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6 Age: common in reproductive period Incidence : 3 – 10 % of the woman aged 20 – 45 Is more common in the higher socio- economic groups and among single woman or women who marry late and have few or not children.

7 Retrograde menstrual flow Vessel spread Direct extension or lymphatic transportation The development of embryonic cell rests Genetic and immunologic influences

8 The ectopic endometrium responds to the cyclic secretion of E and P by proliferating and by bleeding at the time menstruation occurs. The peritoneum reacts forming adhesions The ectopic endometrium forms a miniature cyst (,, chocolate cyst” )

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10 Dysmenorrhoea Pelvic pain Dyspareunia Infertility Other signs ( irregular menses, cyclic rectal bleeding, hematuria)

11 History ( symptoms) Pelvic examination - nodularity of the Douglas pouch and uterosacral ligaments - tenderness of the uterosacral ligaments - endometriomas or ’’chocolate chist” of the ovaries - fixed retroverted uterus Investigations (CA-125) Laparoscopy

12 It permits a “see and treat” approach, although its effectiveness may be limited by the nature of the disease and the surgeon's skill. Endometriosis May Appear Brown Black (“Powderburn”) Clear (“Atypical”)

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15 Pelvic inflammatory disease Ovarian tumours ( metastatic carcinoma) Bowel cancer Calcified mesotheliomas

16 Consideration STAGE ENDOMETRIOSIS STAGE ENDOMETRIOSIS  Stage I (minimal)  Stage II (mild) : small surface nodules, no adhesion, no clinical signs (except infertility) Electrocautery or CO2 laser  Stage III (moderate): small scattered surface lesions, ovarian endometriomata < 2,5 cm, symptoms often present Electrocautery or CO2 laser, hormonal treatement, conservative surgery  Stage IV (severe) : ovarian endometriomata > 2,5 cm, marked adhesions, cul-de-sac obliteration, symptoms and signs present Conservative surgery, hormones or radical surgical approach  Stage V( very severe) Surgery and hormonal therapy

17 Oral contraceptives Danazol: 400- 800 mg daily, 6 months. Progestogens GnRH agonists

18 It is indicated in moderate to severe disease Conservative surgery Radical surgery ( total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo- ooforectomy)


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