2. UNIT 3 Era of Growth and Disunion 1825 - 1877 Economic Growth & Impact Westward Expansion U.S. War with Mexico U.S. Civil War Reconstruction

3. Chapter Nine Expanding Market and Moving West: New technologies create links to new markets. Economic opportunity and “manifest destiny” encourage Americans to head west. The U.S. gains territory in a war with Mexico. James K. Polk, 11th president of the United States

4. INTRO WARMUP INTRO WARMUP: Think about a time when you moved to a new community, switched schools, or experienced a major change. Did you feel this change gave you a opportunity for a fresh start?

6. Benefits of new products….. …

7. Erie Canal

8. Railroads……… Railroads were Faster More efficient Although they cost more, they were more reliable Opened up new areas of the country to trade and travel

9. Section Two- MANIFEST DESTINY

10. Manifest Destiny ….used to express the belief that the United States’ destiny was to expand to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory Manifest = obvious popdensity.pdf

11. American Progress

12. “Manifest Destiny” First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845.  First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845. ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."  ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."  A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.

13. TRAILS WESTWARD

14. Time for a video http://esc1.unitedstreaming.com/index.cfm?http://esc1.unitedstreaming.com/index.cfm Pay close attention, jot down notes, short quiz at end of video Gone West: The Growth of a Nation

15. Black Hawk War Settlers moving west run into Native Americans Chief Black Hawk of Sauk Tribe leads rebellion against U.S. in Illinois-Wisconsin Ends in 1832—militia kill 200 Natives Result: Natives move west of Mississippi

16. The Mormon Migration….. Time to read…..Pg. 284 Mormons are a religious community started by Joseph Smith in 1827. Migrated on the Oregon Trail Settled in Illinois in 1839, practiced polygamy=more than one wife Smith was murdered by anti-Mormon mob, Brigham Young leads Mormons next; moves to Salt Lake, Utah Smith Young

17. “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight” Refers to the latitude line (54°40‘) marking the northern limit of the Oregon territory. Some people called for war w/Britain if they did not agree to that boundary 1846 – agreement reached to use 49 degree for the northern boundary of Oregon

18. Section 3 Section 3 TEXAS………… http://esc1.unitedstreaming.com/index.cfm?http://esc1.unitedstreaming.com/index.cfm “Revolution in Texas” video intro clip

19. Mexico Gains Freedom Come to Texas! YEE HAW! 1821 Mexico wins independence from Spain Mexico owned all Spanish territories from Texas to California Mexico began to open trade with the United States – cattle Mexican encouraged American farmers to settle in the area – cheap land!

20. Texas Fights for Independence Cultural differences led to tensions –Mexico banned slavery – Texans resisted Mexico closed its borders to Americans Banned American trade goods Mexico could not protect the borders and more Americans moved to Texas Mexican President Santa Anna refused Texas’ request for independence Tensions led to the Texas Revolution

21. Events of the Texas Revolution The Alamo – famous battle that caused the Texas to rally together to fight for independenceThe Alamo 1836 Texas won the revolution and became the Lone Star Republic 1838 – Texas asks to be annexed into the United States

22. The Republic of Texas

23. Remember the Alamo!

24. Mexican troops assaulting the Alamo

25. Texas to become a state…… North feared the addition of Texas would tip the balance in favor of slave states and start a war with Mexico….. South wanted to extend slavery 1845 Texas become a state wartexindep.pdf

26. Texas Fights for Independence Turn to pg. 290-292 Make an events chart on how Texas fights for independence from Mexico.

27. Section 4- Section 4- War with Mexico War with Mexico President James K. Polk – urges war with Mexico  Hoped to gain California and New Mexico  Issue - - - U. S. claims the Texas border at the Rio Grande --- Mexico claims border at Nueces River

28. The Mexican War (1846- 1848)

29. War with Mexico (Pg. 294-297) 1.How did the Mexican-American war begin? Polk orders general Zachary Taylor to march to the Rio Grande and blockade the river and sends out exploration party in Mexico’s Alta California province. Mexican soldiers cross Rio Grande and kill 9 U.S. soldiers. U.S. declares war! 2.How did views of the war differ among the nation’s regions? South saw it as a chance to extend slavery & increase power in Congress North opposed war- was a plot to expand slavery 3.How did the United States gain control of New Mexico and California? US troops march to New Mexico…they WANT to join U.S. (no shots fired!) CA: American settlers seize Sonoma; joined by US troops and a naval force—quickly defeat Mexican forces

30. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1.Mexico agreed to the Rio Grande border for Texas 2.Mexico ceded New Mexico and California to the United States. 3.Mexico received $15 Million 4.Mexicans living in the new U.S. territory would be guaranteed rights. - 1853 Gadsden Purchase- est. current U.S. boundaries in lower 48 states

31. The Mexican Cession

32. California Gold Rush 1848-1849 Gold discovered in California brings people from the all over the world. California become the most diverse area of the United States. Slavery was outlawed 1850 California becomes a state – bitter arguments between free and slave states.

33. GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, 1848 John A. Sutter

35. Territorial Growth to 1853