1. ECommerce Muhammad Shabbir Hassan

2. Definition of e-Commerce
‘Formulating commercial transactions at a site remote from the trading partner and then using electronic communications to execute that transaction.’
The definition includes business to business and business to consumer transactions.

3. History of E-Commerce ARPAnet created in 1969 (evolved to TCP/IP)
Personal computers exploded in 1981
Processing power increases, cost decreases
LANs and WANs became requirements in 1980s
The Internet was of significant size by mid 1980s
WWW started in 1990 with HTTP and HTML
General browser technology created in 1993 (used HTTP, ftp and .gif and .jpg images)
Search engines soon followed (AltaVista, Lycos)

4. History of Internet Growth
Initial
Novelty
Utility

5. History of E-Commerce
Businesses transformed Internet technologies into intranets, extranets to solve integration problems
Object Oriented Programming (Java) and the Web provide new client-server paradigm
Audio (.wav), video (.mpg), animation (Flash) standards
Broadcast and Push technologies, e.g. PointCast
Portals, intelligent web agents, personalization
General telecom (audio, video) over IP
Wireless Internet access (cell phones and PDAs) … pervasive computing

6. Key Technologies Enabling E-Commerce Evolution
Decreasing cost of increasingly more powerful hardware – GHz processors, GB drives
Integration of voice, data, image, video data
Distributed database methods
Graphical user interfaces (GUI)
Communications (TCP/IP, HTTP) protocols and content/ publication (HTML, XML) standards
Object oriented methods (Java, J2EE, ORB)
2001
Daniel L. Silver

7. E-Commerce technologies
The three e-Commerce technologies are:
Electronic Markets
Electronic Data Interchange
Internet Commerce

8. Electronic markets
The use of information and communications technology to present a range of offerings available in a market segment and hence enable:
the purchaser to compare the prices (and other attributes);
make a purchase decision.
The usual example of an electronic market is an airline booking system.

9. Electronic markets
There is the potential for new electronic markets to be created using Internet technologies.

10. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
EDI provides a standardised system for coding trade transactions so that they can be communicated directly from one computer system to another.
EDI removes the need for printed orders and invoices and avoids the delays and errors implicit in paper handling.

11. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
EDI is used by organisations that make a large number of regular transactions. Examples are the large supermarket chains and the vehicle assemblers which use EDI for transactions with their suppliers.

12. Internet commerce
Information and communications technologies can also be used to advertise and make once-off sales of a wide range of goods and services.
This type of e-Commerce is typified by the commercial use of the Internet. The Internet can, for example, be used for the purchase of books that are then delivered by post or the booking of tickets that can be picked up by the clients when they arrive at the event.

13. Internet commerce
It is to be noted that the Internet is not the only technology used for this type of service and this is not the only use of the Internet in e-Commerce.

14. The trade cycle
Conducting a commercial transaction involves the following steps:
Pre-Sale:
Search - finding a supplier
Negotiate – agreeing the terms of trade
Execution:
Order
Delivery
Settlement:
Invoice
Payment
After-sales, e.g. warrantee and service