1. Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency

2. Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson -- author of the Declaration of Independence and the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom, third president of the United States, and founder of the University of Virginia -- voiced the aspirations of a new America as no other individual of his era. As public official, historian, philosopher, and plantation owner, he served his country for over five decades.

3. The Election of 1800

4. The Beginning
March 4, 1801
Thomas Jefferson is the first President inaugurated in the new capital city of Washington D.C.
He delivers his first inaugural address. This address outlines what he feels are the essential principles of government.

5. First Inaugural Address
Essential Principles of Government
“equal and exact justice to all men”
“peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations”
“the support of state governments”
“the preservation of general government”
punishment for those who choose to revolt
compliance with the decisions of the majority

6. First Inaugural Address
Essential Principles of Government Cont…
“a well disciplined militia”
honest payment of debts
maintaining a sound economy
proper distribution of information
freedom of religion
freedom of the press

7. First Term Cabinet Cabinet of President Thomas Jefferson
March 4, 1801-March 3, 1805 (Term 1)
State
James Madison
Treasury
Samuel Dexter Albert Gallatin (from May 14, 1801)
War
Henry Dearborn
Navy
Benjamin Stoddert Robert Smith (from July 27, 1801)
Attorney General
Levi Lincoln

8. Original Map can be found at:
Barbary Wars
May 1801
Pasha of Tripoli declares war with the United States because President Jefferson refused to make the immediate payment of $225,000 and the annual payment of $25,000.
On the 20th Jefferson sent the first naval fleet to the area.
The ships included the President, Philadelphia, Essex and Enterprise.
Map of the Barbary Wars
Original Map can be found at:

9. Original map can be found at:
Barbary Wars
In his first annual message, Jefferson addresses the Barbary Wars.
He justifies his actions of sending a naval fleet to the Mediterranean.
He also outlines the reasons the Pasha of Tripoli declared war with the United States.
Map of Tripoli
Original map can be found at:

10. Barbary Wars
1803 – Jefferson faces much criticism for his decisions made regarding the war
The Philadelphia runs aground in the Tripoli Harbor and it crew and captain are taken captive
He is forced to make several command changes.
1801- Commodore Richard Dale
1802 – Commodore Richard Morris
1803 – Commodore Edward Preble
Nautical Map of Tripoli
Original map can be found at:

11. Barbary Wars
Realizing that there was no way to recapture the Philadelphia, Commodore Preble devises a plan to destroy the ship
February 4, 1804 the Philadelphia was destroyed.
August 3, 1804 the first attack against Tripoli took place when the Constitution’s guns fired on the city.
September 1804 – the final battle took place in the Tripoli Harbor
September 1804 – Commodore Barron arrived with backup for Commodore Preble
Commodore Barron, who is senior in rank to Preble, continued the blockade and started looking for a new way to peace
Shortly after Commodore Barron arrive, Commodore Preble retired
June 4, 1805 after the Pasha of Tripoli had been replaced, a treaty was made with the United States and the prisoners were released.

12. History Behind the Barbary Wars

13. Louisiana Purchase April 30, 1803
Robert Livingston & James Monroe signed the Louisiana Purchase Treaty in Paris
The United States paid $15 million for the land, roughly 4 cents per acre
The purchase added 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi to the United States
July 4 the Louisiana Purchase is publicly announced
Original treaty can be found at:

14. Maps of the Louisiana Purchase
The original maps can be found at:

15. Lewis and Clark Expedition
January 18, 1803
Jefferson asks Congress for funds to explore the land west of the Mississippi
His goal is to find a water route to the Pacific
May 1804
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark depart on the expedition
Map of Lewis and Clark’s Route
Original map can be found at:

16. Lewis and Clark Expedition
January 18, 1803
Jefferson sends a secret message to congress regarding the Lewis and Clark Expedition
In this message Jefferson asks for permission to establish trading with the Indians
The original message can be found at:

17. The Louisiana Purchase

18. Second Inaugural Address
Delivered on March 4, 1805
Stresses the importance of American neutrality in matters of foreign affairs
Outlines the Louisiana Purchase and the processes by which the original inhabitants of the land will become citizens of the United States
Stresses the importance of harmony amongst all inhabitants of America

19. Embargo Act of 1807
Renewal of the Napoleonic Wars between France and Great Britain
America was once again trapped between the two nations
Jefferson wanting to stay neutral proposed an embargo on all foreign trade
This was highly unsuccessful and devastated the American Economy
The Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 was put in place to repeal the unsuccessful Embargo Act

20. 2nd Term Cabinet March 4, 1805-March 3, 1809 (Term 2) State
James Madison
Treasury
Albert Gallatin
War
Henry Dearborn
Navy
Robert Smith
Attorney General
John Breckinridge Caesar Augustus Rodney (from January 20, 1807)

21. 2nd Term in Office
His second term, a time when he encountered more difficulties on both the domestic and foreign fronts, is most remembered for his efforts to maintain neutrality in the midst of the conflict between Britain and France; his efforts did not avert war with Britain that would eventually come in 1812.

22. Life after the Presidency
Jefferson was succeeded as president in 1809 by his friend James Madison, and during the last seventeen years of his life, he remained at Monticello.
During this period, he sold his collection of books to the government to form the nucleus of the Library of Congress.
Jefferson embarked on his last great public service at the age of seventy-six, with the founding of the University of Virginia. He spearheaded the legislative campaign for its charter, secured its location, designed its buildings, planned its curriculum, and served as the first rector.

23. Jefferson’s Death
Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, just hours before his close friend John Adams, on the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.