1. 1 Windows Server 2008 - File and Storage Solutions

2. 2 Agenda Remote File Services Server Message Block version 2 (SMB2) Distributed File System Namespace (DFS-N) Distributed File System Replication (DFS-R) Microsoft Services for Network File System (MSNFS) Folder Redirection and Offline Files (CSC) Storage Management Storage Explorer Share and Storage Management Virtual Disk Services (VDS) Volume ShadowCopy Services (VSS) File Server Resource Manager (FSRM) Not covered here: NTFS, TxF CHKDSK, Defrag MPIO iSCSI Initiator iSCSI Target

3. 3 Roles, Role Services and Features Before we begin, I wanted to quickly review these new Windows Server 2008 tools… Server Manager Roles Role Services Features ServerManagerCmd.exe

4. 4 Server Manager - Roles

5. 5 Server Manager - Role Services

6. 6 Server Manager - Features

7. 7 ServerManagerCmd.exe

8. 8 Server Message Block version 2 (SMB2)

9. 9 The Need For SMB2 SMB1 Limitations Considered “chatty” Poor WAN performance due to limited request pipelining / compounding Arbitrary limits on number of users, open files, shares Protocol evolved through many releases over many years Difficult to extend, maintain and secure due to large number / variety of commands Motivations for SMB2 Data access over WAN has become much more common LAN performance also much increased (1Gb is here, 10Gb coming) Build a solid foundation for continued innovation

10. 10 SMB2 Benefits Scalability for file sharing greatly increased Performance massively improved Request compounding reduces “chattiness” Larger reads/writes can fill the pipe even with significant link latency Secure and robust Durable handles Message signing settings improved (HMAC SHA-256 replaces MD5) Small command set reduces attack surface and complexity Symbolic link support Evaluation of symlinks involving remote paths is limited by default Can only be created by administrators (via Group Policy) LimitsSMB1SMB2 Number of users Max 2^16 Max 2^64 Number of open files Max 2^16 Max 2^64 Number of shares Max 2^16 Max 2^32 TotalSMB1SMB2Opcodes>10019

11. 11 SMB2 CopyFile Performance Improved WAN utilization Benefits due to combination of: TCP stack improvements SMB2 request pipelining SMB2 large request support CopyFileEx() improvements Large buffers Async, non-cached, IO Write Request Write Response Pre-Vista Vista

12. 12 SMB2 CopyFile Performance XCOPY, remote->Local, 1Gb / 100ms RTT Throughput in kb/s

13. 13 SMB2 Compounding Sample A common application generated request sequence is shown below Left side shows resulting client-server requests without compounding Right side shows resulting client-server requests with compounding Benefit of round trip savings is greater the higher the link latency Open Dir Query Dir Query Volume ResponseResponse ResponseResponse ResponseResponse Open Dir Query Dir Query Volume ResponseResponse Close Dir ResponseResponse Query Dir Query Volume Satisfied from SMB2 client cache

14. 14 SMB2 Explorer Performance Dramatic benefits in explorer directory enumeration, due to a combination of: compounding/speculative requests directory and attribute caching For this scenario, a directory containing about 50 Excel 2007 files was opened using Windows Explorer Network – 1Gb/s, 100ms RTT

15. 15 SMB2 Versions First shipped in Windows Vista RTM Not all protocol features utilized by Windows Vista RTM implementation Dialect revved for Windows Server 2008 / Windows Vista SP1 Windows Server 2008 / Windows Vista SP1 enhancements Uses request compounding Cached: directory enumerations and file attributes Cached: common share and file system property queries Client/ Server OS Older Windows Windows Vista RTM Windows Vista SP1 Windows Server 2008 Older Windows SMB 1 Windows Vista RTM SMB1 SMB2 (v2.001) SMB 1 Windows Vista SP1 Windows Server 2008 SMB1 SMB 1 SMB2 (v2.002)

16. 16 Server Message Block Version 2 (SMB2) Compound Packets Durable File Handles Increased Buffer Sizes Symbolic Links Greater Scalability More Secure

17. 17 Distributed File System Namespace (DFS-N)

18. 18 DFS Overview \\Contoso\Public DFS Namespace (DFS-N) Namespace Server Namespace Root Software Tools Training Guides Folder Folders with Targets DFS Folder Targets \\NYC-SVR-01\Tools Tools \\SEA-SVR-01\Tools Tools \\SEA-SVR-02\Training Training Guides DFSReplication(DFS-R)

19. 19 DFS Namespace Windows 2008 Mode Domain Namespaces: Eliminates 5000 link limit for domain namespaces Our Vista/WS2008 build release namespace comprised 60,000 links, with ~1000 added and removed every day Requires: Windows 2008 Namespace Servers Windows 2008 Domain Functional Level Access Based Enumeration (ABE) support For both standalone and 2008 mode domain namespaces Improved diagnostics In-box – DFSUTIL.EXE, DFSDIAG.EXE System Center Operations Manager (SCOM) 2007 pack coming soon

20. 20 Distributed File System Replication (DFS-R)

21. 21 DFS Replication Performance Un-buffered disk I/O Asynchronous – performance Low priority – reduced system impact RPC asynchronous pipes Up to 16 concurrent file downloads (up from 4) Better hub server scale-out over slow links

22. 22 Windows Server 2003 R2Windows Server 2003 R2 DFS-R Performance Initialize Data Transfer Retrieve Data Initialize Data Transfer READ WRITE Retrieve Data Windows Server 2008Windows Server 2008

23. 23 DFS Replication Performance Un-buffered disk I/O Asynchronous – performance Low priority – reduced system impact RPC asynchronous pipes Up to 16 concurrent file downloads (up from 4) Better hub server scale-out over slow links Reliability Dirty Shutdown Recovery improved Staging area moved out of replicated file tree

24. 24 Improved Dirty Shutdown Recovery DFSR USN Consumer updates Checkpoint USN Updates every three seconds and on DB changes Improper shutdown of DFSR service System reboot/crash Power failure File system Database Hub Server Branch Office USN Journal Last USN created by NTFS Checkpoint USN Last USN consumed by DFSR

25. 25 DFS Replication Performance Un-buffered disk I/O Asynchronous – performance Low priority – reduced system impact RPC asynchronous pipes Up to 16 concurrent file downloads (up from 4) Better hub server scale-out over slow links Reliability Dirty Shutdown Recovery improved Staging area moved out of replicated file tree SYSVOL replication now supported using DFS-R Tools for migration of SYSVOL from FRS to DFS-R Safe, multi step process with rollback from all points Read Only Domain Controller (RODC) Support NTFRS will be deprecated in a future release

26. 26 SYSVOL Migration to DFSR REDIRECTEDREDIRECTEDSTARTSTARTPREPAREDPREPAREDELIMINATEDELIMINATED FRS DFSR PREPARING INITIAL SYNC REDIRECTING ELIMINATING DFSR FRS

27. 27 End-To-End Administrator Experience Raise domain functional level to Windows Server 2008 Check health of AD replication – RepAdmin /ReplSum Migrate to ‘PREPARED’ state – dfsrmig /setGlobalState 1 Ensure all DCs are ‘PREPARED’ – dfsrmig /getMigrationState Migrate to ‘REDIRECTED’ state – dfsrmig /setGlobalState 2 Ensure all DCs are ‘REDIRECTED’– dfsrmig /getMigrationState Migrate to ‘ELIMINATED’ state - dfsrmig /setGlobalState 3

28. 28 DFS-R in R2 DFS-R Read only replication Publication data that should never be changed at branch locations Open or create requesting WRITE access will be failed by a new filter driver Even if the filter is not running, other Win7 Replication Group members will refuse updates from a read-only replication partner Read-only member: Windows Server 2008 R2 Other members: Windows Server 2003 R2 or later DFS-R cluster support (high-availability) Replicated file folders on a clustered file server Any Highly Available File Server can become a DFSR member server, and the DFS-R service will fail over transparently between nodes All cluster nodes: Windows Server 2008 R2 Other members: Windows Server 2003 R2 or later Windows Server 2008 R2

29. 29 Services for NFS (MSNFS)

30. 30 MSNFS In Windows Vista/WS2008 Support for NFS v2/3 now included in Windows NFS Client “in-box” for the first time in the Windows Vista release NFS Server “in-box” for the first time in Windows Server 2008 release Enhancements in Windows Server 2008 IPv6 support Enhanced RFC2307: Leverage AD for Windows and Unix user mapping Improved audit logging Fine grained component installation: Greater control and scriptable MSNFS deployments File Share management UI provides consistent experience: Share a folder via SMB and NFS from one location Automated firewall configuration simplifies deployment Username mapping server deprecated, can still use it running on a down-level box

31. 31 MSNFS in R2 Unmapped Unix User Access Enables zero configuration NFS deployments No up-front mapping required between Unix and Windows users Associates a Unix UID/GID directly to a Windows SID WMI provider for NFS Consistent remote management of NFS services Simplification from Windows Server 2008 Required multiple tools for remote management Support for Netgroups RFC 2307 and NIS based Netgroups NFS file share access control via Netgroup mappings Enhanced Security with RPCSEC_GSS support Authentication and integrity support Kerb5 used for authentication support Kerb5i used for integrity checking Extensible framework to allow for future security algorithms Windows Server 2008 R2

32. 32 NFS Deployment Requirements Windows Server 2008 R2 FeatureServerClient Unmapped Unix User Access Windows Server 2008 R2 NFS v2 or NFS v3 Clients on any OS WMI Remote Manageability Windows Server 2008 R2 NFS v2 or NFS v3 Clients on any OS Netgroups Windows Server 2008 R2 NFS v2 or NFS v3 Clients on any OS Enhanced Security for NFS Windows Server 2008 R2 in AD deployment NFS v2 or NFS v3 Clients on any OS

33. 33 Folder Redirection and Offline Files

34. 34 Offline Files Folder Redirection And Offline Files File Server Folder Redirection

35. 35 Offline Files In Windows Vista Seamless transitions Faster synchronization Support for large files like Outlook PST’s Per-user encryption Improved “Slow-link Mode” Ghosting – consistent client/server namespace Better interoperability with DFS Scriptable API support

36. 36 R2 Improvements Background Synchronization Offline files are automatically synchronized in the background Slow-link mode is ON by default (when round-trip latency ≥ 80ms) Fully integrated with Sync Center, showing last update time Configurable settings for IT administrators Improved App File Open & Close SMB optimizations reduce the exchanges required to open and save application files Transparent Caching Automatically cache the network file to the local client disk The cached copy is only used if the local/server versions are the same All files modifications are made on the server Administrators can control by Group Policy (not enabled by default on fast networks) BranchCache™ Remote files accessed from a branch office are stored in the client machine disk cache Clients can retrieve files from other clients in the same branch The file version and user access rights are always validated with the server Existing Windows security access controls are enforced Windows Server 2008 R2

37. 37 BranchCache™ Windows Server 2008 R2 Slow WAN Link Client 1Client 2 Windows 7 Clients WindowsServer2008 Slow WAN Link Client 1Client 2 Windows Vista SP1 Clients Windows Server 2008 R2

38. 38 Deployment Requirements Windows Server 2008 R2 FeatureClientServerConfiguration Background sync Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 CSC deployment Improved file open & close Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 R2 File Server role Transparent caching Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 Group policy Offline Files exclusion list Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 Group policy BranchCache™ Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 R2 Group policy

39. 39 Storage Explorer

40. 40 Storage Explorer Design: uses industry standard APIs to gather information about storage devices in FC and iSCSI SANs looks and behaves like applications that Windows administrators are familiar with implemented as an MMC snap-in Storage Explorer GUI: provides a tree-structured view of all the components within the SAN (Fabrics, Platforms, Storage Devices, LUNs) Storage Explorer and SMfS (Storage Manager for SANs) Combined, these two applications provide full-featured SAN configuration management functionality that is built into the Windows OS

41. 41 Storage Explorer Scalable, standards-based platform for storage fabric device discovery Hierarchical view of FC and iSCSI SAN topology No agents or hardware providers required

42. 42 Share and Storage Management

43. 43 Share and Storage Management New MMC snap-in Unified overview of storage and shares Unified share provisioning (SMB and NFS) Unifying share and storage provisioning Tabbed overview of shares and volumes with key properties Volume actions Extend, format, delete and properties Share actions Stop sharing and properties

44. 44 Share and Storage Management Manage shares & volumes in the same snap-in View shares on the ‘Shares’ tab

45. 45 Share and Storage Management Manage shares & volumes in the same snap-in View volumes on the ‘Volumes’ tab

46. 46 Provision a File Share

47. 47 Provision a Volume

48. 48 Volume Shadowcopy Services (VSS)

49. 49 VSS in Windows Server 2008 Diskshadow – inbox VSS requester Enables creation and management of hardware and software snapshots Supports a script mode and an interactive shell Reference requester for developing writers and hardware providers Handy tool for IT administrators Hardware snapshot reliability enhancements Resilient to timing issues during snapshot import Support fast recovery of GPT disks Multiple imports of shadow copy LUNs Auto recovery of transportable snapshots Snapshot protection mode Concurrent backups with single restore

50. 50 VSS in R2 LUN re-sync Fast recovery of production LUN Duplication of production LUN Express writer Develop a VSS backup extension in two weeks Concurrent restores Writer error tunneling Requesters trap and respond to application specific errors during backups and restores Snapshot volumes on VHDs Windows Server 2008 R2

51. 51 Virtual Disk Services (VDS)

52. 52 VDS in Windows Server 2008 LUN Shrink Enables shrinking LUNs and recovering space on a hardware array Used in conjunction with Volume and File System shrink SAN Policy (disk online/offline) New SAN disks declared to be online or offline by default The default for high end server editions is offline This protects SAN disks from aggressive Windows behavior Better cluster integration – clustering now uses VDS to manage disks New read only attribute for disks Partition Alignment The default alignment of new partitions is 1Mbyte Dynamic Partition Allocation New algorithm scans through all free space and allocates from the best fit Reduced free space fragmentation

53. 53 VDS in R2 Storage Pools (collection of storage in an array) Based on array vendor input and SMI-S Phase I: Enumerate Pools; Create LUN in Pool; Get Properties Updates to hardware array support Explicit RAID types (ex: 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 50, 60) New Subsystem types (SAS, hybrid) Query array’s internal number for a LUN New flags on subsystems, controllers, drives and LUNs Native VHD support Create, surface, remove VHDs Expand, compact, merge, shrink, convert New VDS provider type: extensible to other virtual disk types Windows Server 2008 R2

54. 54 File Server Resource Manager (FSRM)

55. 55 FSRM Storage usage, planning and monitoring Quota Management Policy Management Help IT administrator Understand how existing storage is utilized Troubleshoot storage capacity issues Define and implement storage policies Storage reports and alerts Current storage usage and usage trends Quota threshold Policy related alerts

56. 56 FSRM Quota Management

57. 57 FSRM File Screening

58. 58 FSRM Report Management

59. 59 FSRM Reports

60. 60 Summary Remote File Services Server Message Block version 2 (SMB2) Distributed File System Namespace (DFS-N) Distributed File System Replication (DFS-R) Microsoft Services for Network File System (MSNFS) Folder Redirection and Offline Files (CSC) Storage Management Storage Explorer Share and Storage Management Virtual Disk Services (VDS) Volume ShadowCopy Services (VSS) File Server Resource Manager (FSRM)

61. 61 © 2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.