1. 9 th Grade

2.  Ex: incontrovertible  Def: describes something that is definitely true and that cannot be denied or disproved No one could question the incontrovertible eye witness proof provided at the trial. responsible audible convertible flexible forcible tangible agreeable portable bearable enjoyable manageable laughable

3.  Ex: antagonist  Def: a person or thing that competes with or goes against another.  The character who is the “bad guy” in a story is also known as the antagonist. agony

4.  Ex: amorous  Def: someone or something indicating affection or desire, especially of a sexual nature.  The amorous couple held hands and stole kisses when no one was looking. amateur (from French word for ‘lover’ amiable amicable enamored (in love) amity (friendship)

5.  Ex: annuity  Def: a sum of money or an investment that is paid at regular intervals  Mrs. Clark’s annuity paid her $1,000 every year. anniversary annual biennial (every two years) centennial (every hundred years) millennial perennial annuity annals

6.  Ex: antediluvian  Def: Someone or something from before the time of the Great Flood or ancient, elderly, or passe  The dinosaur is an antediluvian animal. antebellum antecedent

7.  Ex: arboreal  Def: anything referring to trees or something that is like a tree  Some animals are generally arboreal in habit, hunting in the trees and forest canopy. arboretum Arbor Day arboraceous (full of trees arboriculture arborvitae (“tree of life”)

8.  Ex: archetype  Def: the original pattern, or model, from which all other things of the same kind are made; prototype  The god represents the trickster archetype, which can be found in many mythologies. anarchy archaeology archaic architect archive monarch oligarchy (gov’t by the few) patriarch

9.  Ex: disaster  Def: an event, often sudden, that causes great damage or devastation.  Japan’s tsunami was a life- changing disaster for so many people. astronomer asteroid astrologer astronaut astral asterisk

10.  Ex: commiserate  Def: to express or have sympathy.  My best friend was there to commiserate when my boyfriend broke up with me. animate captivate fabricate hydrate irrigate saturate tabulate ventilate

11.  Ex: autonomy  Def: independence in one's thoughts or actions.  The new graduate experienced true autonomy when she moved into her new apartment in a strange city. autograph automobile autobiography autocrat automatic

12.  Ex: bellicose  Def: someone or something aggressive and eager or willing to fight; warlike  The group of protesters became more bellicose than diplomatic, which offended people and did not help their cause. antebellum belligerent rebellion

13.  Ex: beneficent  Def: doing good; resulting in a benefit  The American Cancer Society is a beneficent organization dedicated to helping the fight against cancer. benefit benediction beneficiary benevolent benign bonanza bonbon bonhomie bon mot bonus bonny bon vivant

14.  Ex: bibliophile  Def: a person who loves or admires books  Mary was a bibliophile with an impressive library of titles, all of which she had read twice! Bible bibliography bibliomania bibliophobia biblioklept (one who steals books)

15.  Ex: biopsy  Def: the removal of living tissue from the body for diagnostic examination  A biopsy of the suspected tumor is taken by using a fine needle. biology biography autobiography bionic antibiotic amphibian (amphi = both) microbe (micro = small)

16.  Ex: capitulate  Def: to surrender or give in to all demands.  The principal capitulated to the reasonable requests from the student body representatives. capital capitalism captain recapitulate cabbage (vegetable “head”)

17.  Ex: centennial  Def: a 100th anniversary, or a celebration of a 100th anniversary.  The centennial celebration of the founding of the city will include a parade of vintage cars. cent century centurion percent centipede centigrade (gradus = degree)

18.  Ex: chromatic  Def: of color or having color or colors; colorful  The chromatic piece of art will show nicely against a stark white wall. achromatic (colorless) chromatology chromatosis chromosome polychrome Kodachrome (color film)

19.  Ex: chronological  Def: arranged in the order it happened; timeline  In his court testimony, the detective chronologically outlined the movements of the suspect. synchronize chronometer chronic anachronism chronicle

20.  Ex: corpulence  Def: fatness or stoutness of body; obesity  His corpulence made it difficult for him to fit into an airliner seat. corporeal corps (military division organized as a body) incorporate corporation corpse corpuscle (small part of body) corpus delicti

21.  Ex: decimate  Def: to destroy or kill a large part of something.  A large portion of the population was decimated after the tsunami struck the island. December

22.  Ex: diction  Def: manner of expression in words; choice of words; wording  Poetic diction describes the range of language used in poems. dictate dictation dictator predict benediction contradict verdict

23.  Ex: dormant  Def: someone or something inactive, sleeping or quiet.  The volcano is dormant and has not erupted in years. dormitory

24.  Ex: intuition  Def: knowledge obtained without instruction; insight  John’s intuition told him to avoid the dark alley at night. intuit tutor tutorial tuition intuitive

25.  Ex: expatriate  Def: to be removed from or to leave one's homeland.  The author became an expatriate and moved to Europe because he didn’t like the politics of his own country. exit extinct exaggerate exclaim exclude exodus expedite expire expulsion extinguish extract exile

26.  Ex: fraternize  Def: to associate in a brotherly manner; be on friendly terms  The commander told the soldiers that if they fraternized with the enemy they would be severely punished. fraternal fraternity friar

27.  Ex: geocentric  Def: measured or viewed as from the center of the earth; having or regarding the earth as a center.  Since we reside on Earth, it makes sense that we would have a geocentric theory about the solar system. geography geology geologist geometry George (farmer)

28.  Ex: calligraphy  Def: a special, formal style of handwriting  Since it was a formal occasion, my mother told me to address the wedding invitations in calligraphy. photograph phonograph telegraph graph lithograph graphite autograph pictograph

29.  Ex: inhospitable  Def: not offering hospitality; not offering protection, shelter, etc.; barren; forbidding  A lack of oxygen would make a planet inhospitable to human life. hostess hospital hospitality hostel hospice

30.  Ex: dehydrate  Def: to remove water from (a compound, substance, body tissues, etc.); dry  Foods are dehydrated to preserve them for future use. hydroplane hydrophobia hydrogen hydrophone hydroelectric hydrology hydrate

31.  Ex: technology  Def: scientific research put into practical use.  The technology of computers is improving all the time.  The concept was so new that the company did not understand the digital technology well enough to move forward. logic geology astrology biology zoology anthropology psychology

32.  Ex: lunatic  Def: a person who is either actually crazy or who is acting crazy and wild in his behavior.  I don’t like to shop at that store because the owner always acts like a lunatic around his customers. lunar lunacy clair de lune (fr. moonlight) lunarium interlunar lunambulist (sleepwalking)

33.  Ex: malinger  Def: to fake sick or to exaggerate an illness in order to skip school, work or some other undesirable event.  Many students like to malinger by pretending to have a stomach ache so that they can stay home from school. malady malediction malefactor dismal malaria malevolent malice malign malapropism malcontent maleficent

34.  Ex: manipulate  Def: to move, arrange or control something in a skilled manner.  The flower arranger manipulated the roses so they would be more prominent in the table arrangement. manufacture manifest manicottti manuscript manumit (to release from hand) manicure manacles emancipation

35.  Ex: matrilineal  Def: designating or of descent, kinship, or derivation through the mother  She is my matrilineal cousin because our mothers are sisters. matriarch maternal maternity matrix matriculate alma mater matrimony

36.  Ex: megalomania  Def: a mental disorder characterized by delusions of grandeur, power, etc.  Many people believe that Napoleon suffered from megalomania. megaphone megalith megaton megabyte megatropolis

37.  Ex: millennium  Def: a period of 1000 years or is an anniversary of the passage of 1000 years.  In 2000, people around the world celebrated the new millennium in a variety of ways. millimeter millipede milligram million millionaire

38.  Ex: misnomer  Def: giving the wrong name for a person, thing or place.  The Black Forest in Germany is a misnomer because it is actually a mountain range. nominate nomination nominal nomenclature nom de plume denomination denominator

39.  Ex: omniscient  Def: seeing all or knowing all.  God is considered to be omniscient. omnipotent omnipotence omnipresent omnivorous omnibus omnidirectional

40.  Ex: pandemic  Def: widespread, particularly a disease that affects many people.  The bird flu became a pandemic when it sickened people over a large geographic area. panacea pandemonium panorama pantheon

41.  Ex: patriot  Def: a person who loves, defends and supports his or her country.  In this country, a person who fights for the United States is considered a patriot. patriarch patriotism patrician patrimony patron paternal compatriot

42.  Ex: pedestrian  Def: something dull, boring or lacking inspiration or excitement; a person who is walking along a road  There was nothing distinguished about the painting, which was considered rather pedestrian by most art critics. pedal biped impede pedestal pedicure pedometer podiatry podium Quadruped centipede

43.  Ex: philanthropy  Def: the act of doing charitable work or an activity designed to improve human welfare.  My mother enjoyed philanthropy and volunteered at a battered women’s shelter once a week. bibliophile audiophile Philadelphia philanderer philatelist philharmonic philology philosophy

44.  cacophony  Def: sounds that are loud, and irritating and out of tune.  The band that was warming up produced an annoying cacophony of sound because they really weren’t very good. phonograph telephone phonogram euphony symphony megaphone microphone phoneme phonics phonetic

45.  Ex: photosynthesis  Def: the biological synthesis of chemical compounds in the presence of light  Green plants are able to make their own food in a process is called photosynthesis photography photograph photon symphony telephoto photometer photophobia photokinesis

46.  Ex: metropolis  Def: a large or main city.  Manhattan, New York is an example of a metropolis. political police polite policy metropolitan

47.  Ex: portfolio  Def: a flat case used for carrying loose sheets of paper or a combination of investments or samples of completed works.  The artist took several excellent drawings from his portfolio to show the gallery owner. export import deportment portable portage portmanteau porter transport important report support deport

48.  Ex: precocious  Def: developed or matured to a point beyond that which is normal for the age: a precocious child  Shirley Temple was a precocious child actress who won many awards for her talents. predict preamble precaution precursor prefer pregnant (time before birth) prejudice preview premature premonition preschool

49.  Ex: proponent  Def: someone who is in favor of something or who advocates for a cause.  Although she owns many guns, she is a proponent of gun-control laws. proceed profess procrastinate professional profile problem project prologue pronoun prohibit promontory prospect

50.  Ex: skeptical  Def: someone who has doubts, questions or is not easily convinced of something.  The police detective was skeptical about the story the suspect told on the night of the robbery. scope microscope telescope periscope kaleidoscope

51.  Ex: soliloquy  Def: a speech in a drama in which a character tells the audience how he feels by talking to himself.  The characters in Shakespeare’s plays often have dramatic soliloquies, allowing the audience to know what they are thinking. solo soloist solitary sole solitude solitaire

52.  Ex: sorority  Def: a social club for females, typically at a college or university, where the girls call each other "sisters," and do activities together.  My cousin’s sorority sister came for a visit during summer vacation. Soroptimist sororal sororial

53.  Ex: symbiotic  Def: a similar relationship of mutual interdependence  There is a symbiotic relationship between man and machines. sympathy symphony synthesis photosynthesis synonym synagogue synchronize symptom synchronous syndicate syndrome synergy synthetic

54.  Ex: telepathy  Def: communication between minds.  My mother said my sister and I have telepathy because it often seems as though we can read each other’s mind. television telephone telegraph telephoto telescope telethon teleport

55.  Ex: synthesis  Def: combining a number of different parts or ideas to come up with a new idea or theory.  In order to write a synthesis essay, you will need to combine the information from several books. thesis theme parenthesis synthetic synthesizer

56.  Ex: unconscionable  Def: not guided or restrained by conscience; unscrupulous  unreasonable, excessive, or immoderate  Her lack of concern over the injuries of her own child is unconscionable. unhappy unsatisfied unheard uncaring undone untutored unless unnecessary unwanted unfair unkempt unsavory unrelenting

57.  Ex: urbane  Def: someone polished, suave or sophisticated.  She is usually urbane and relaxed, but the meeting has her a bit frazzled. urban suburb suburbanite urbanity

58.  Ex: vernacular  Def: common language spoken by average citizens of a particular place  Mark Twain used several styles of vernacular to depict people from different parts of the country. verb proverb verbal verbiage verbose verbatim verbalize

59.  Ex: evidence  Def: something that makes another thing evident; indication; sign  something that tends to prove; ground for belief  Scraped-clean dishes were evidence that the family had enjoyed their dinner. television videophone video advise invisible videographer