1. Dehydration Synthesis & Hydrolysis p.32

2. How Are Organic Compounds Formed? Monomers = building blocks (units) Polymers = a larger molecule made of repeating subunits Monomers link together to form polymers.

3. Many small molecules One large molecule

4. Polymers: Synthesis and Hydrolysis of Polymers The most important biological compounds are polymers Poly means “many” Monomers are a.MONOSACCHARIDES (SIMPLE SUGARS) b.AMINO ACIDS c.NUCLEOTIDES d.FATTY ACIDS

5. Polymers are: made (DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS) or broken down (HYDROLYSIS) over and over in living cells Dehydration Synthesis = loss of water a.k.a. Condensation a.k.a. Polymerization

6. Background: – Often organic molecule contain functional groups containing carboxyl (COOH) or hydroxyl groups (OH) or both. – This is important because H and OH can be found hanging off monomers MonomerMonomer OHOH H

7. Dehydration Synthesis

9. What kind of bond is this? Water released

10. Dehydration Synthesis

14. Polymer  Monomer Hydrolysis Hydro = water & lysis = loosening Water is added and breaks the covalent bonds of polymers Requires hydrolytic enzymes 14

15. Hydrolysis

16. Hydrolysis

17. Hydrolysis

18. Hydrolysis

19. Diagram of Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis H 2 O Monomers Polymer Hydrolysis Reaction Synthesis Reaction 19

20. Diagram of Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis H 2 O Monomers Polymer Hydrolysis Reaction Synthesis Reaction 20

21. A.Proteins: Polymers of amino acids B.Nucleic Acids(DNA, RNA): Polymers of nucleotides C.Carbohydrates: Polymers of monosaccharides D. Lipids: Polymers of fatty acids & glycerol Organic compounds are also known as MACROMOLECULES. Types of Polymers

22. 22 Organic Molecules: Preview CarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids Composition:H O C H O C N (P, S) H O C N P Function:Energy/ StructureEnergy storage/ Structure/ Signalling Structure/ Catalysis Genetic code