1. Occupational Safety and Health Course for Healthcare Professionals

2.  Recognize the scope and structure of Subpart S.  Identify the common electrical hazards in healthcare settings.  Discuss electrical safety related work practices that apply to healthcare settings.

3.  Focus: electrical safety requirements necessary for safeguarding employees in their workplaces  Structure: four major divisions - (a). Design safety standards for electrical systems (b). Safety-related work practices (c). Safety-related maintenance requirements (d). Safety requirements for special equipment

4.  Current – the movement of electrical charge  Resistance – opposition to current flow  Voltage – a measure of electrical force  Conductors – substances, such as metals, that have little resistance to electricity  Insulators – substances, such as wood, rubber, glass, and bakelite, that have high resistance to electricity  Grounding – a conductive connection to the earth that acts as a protective measure.

5. 5  Received when current passes through the body  Severity of the shock depends on: ◦ Path of current through the body ◦ Amount of current flowing through the body ◦ Length of time the body is in the circuit  LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT MEAN LOW HAZARD

6. 6  Most common shock-related, nonfatal injury.  Occurs when you touch electrical wiring or equipment that is improperly used or maintained.  Typically occurs on the hands.  Very serious injury that needs immediate medical attention.

7.  Two main focus areas: 1. Design safety standards for electrical systems. Standards found in 1910.302-308 are design safety standards. 2. Safety - related work practices. These regulations are contained in 1910.331-.335 and include the employer’s responsibilities for training, selection and use of work practices, use of electrical equipment, and safeguards for personnel protection.

8. (a) Approval: The conductors and equipment required or permitted by this subpart shall be acceptable only if approved.

9.  (1) Examination: Safety of equipment shall be determined using the following considerations: (i) Suitability of equipment for an identified purpose may be evidenced by listing or labeling for that identified purpose.

10.  Electrical equipment may not be used unless the manufacturer's name, trademark, or other descriptive marking by which the organization responsible for the product may be identified is placed on the equipment.

11.  (1) Sufficient access and working space around all electrical equipment, provided & maintained to provide ready and safe operation and maintenance.  (ii) Not used for storage.  (ii) If located in aisle or general open area, working space shall be suitably guarded.

12.  Illumination provided for all working spaces about service equipment, switchboards, panel- boards, and motor control centers installed indoors.

13.  (2)(i) Live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more guarded against accidental contact by approved cabinets.

14.  (2)(iii) Entrances to rooms and other guarded locations containing exposed live parts shall be marked with conspicuous warning signs forbidding unqualified persons to enter.

15. 1000kV  (i) High Voltage areas are guarded to make them accessible only to qualified persons.  (ii) Signs warning of high voltage shall be posted where other than qualified employees might come in contact with live parts.

16.  Look for and report: * Faulty/damaged electrical equipment/machinery or wiring. * Damaged electrical connectors and receptacles. * Water, wet areas near electrical equipment.

17.  Devices that shut off electricity flow when there is an overload or ground-fault.  Examples: fuses, circuit breakers, and ground- fault-circuit-interrupters.  Fuses and circuit breakers are overcurrent devices.  When there is too much current: * Fuses melt * Circuit breakers trip open

18. 1000kV Danger  Circuit breakers shall clearly indicate whether they are in the open (off) or closed (on) position.

19.  A conductor used as a grounded conductor shall be identifiable and distinguishable from all other conductors.  A conductor used as an equipment grounding conductor shall be identifiable and distinguishable from all other conductors.

20.  Required to protect employees against: ◦ Shock ◦ Safeguard against fire ◦ Protect equipment from damage

21.  There are two kinds of grounding: ◦ 1. Electrical circuit or system grounding ◦ 2. Electrical equipment grounding

22. 1. Identification of multiwire branch circuits 2. Receptacles and cord connections 3. Ground fault circuit interrupter protection for personnel 4. Outlet devices: Outlet devices shall have an ampere rating not less than the load to be served.

23.  Flexible cords and shall be approved and suitable for conditions of use and location.* * The OSHA electric standard (1910.305) lists specific situations in which flexible cords may be used

24.  Use of an appliance with flexible cord and cable as short as possible plugged into a nearby receptacle promotes workplace safety by reducing the likelihood of being a tripping hazard and being damaged.

25.  (a)(5)(i) Employees' hands may not be wet when plugging and unplugging flexible cords and plug connected equipment, if energized equipment is involved.

26.  The following alerting techniques shall be used to warn and protect employees from hazards which could cause injury due to electric shock, burns, or failure of electric equipment parts: ◦ Safety signs and tags ◦ Barricades ◦ Attendants

27.  Conductive articles of jewelry and clothing (watch bands, bracelets, rings, key chains, necklaces, etc...) may not be worn if they might contact exposed energized parts.

28.  Employer Obligation: (1) Electrical equipment shall be free from recognized hazards that are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees.

29.  Multiple cords on floor – tripping hazard.  Cords getting caught/stuck in other equipment, with danger of fraying.  Wall sockets – getting loose with improper use.  Visitors touching/handling/moving electrical equipment.

30.  Awareness of electrical equipment in patient care areas, support service areas, and public areas.  Careful placement of cords.  Checking for cords getting caught in bed frames, under or near other electrical equipment, etc.  Careful attachment and removal of plugs from wall receptacles.

31.  Be watchful for electrical hazards in their work areas.  Report any electrical equipment that is not working properly.

32.  What are the electrical hazards in the workplace?  The process for reporting faulty electrical equipment.  Tag and remove any faulty/damaged electrical equipment – where is it placed, how is it tagged.  Not to plug or unplug energized equipment when hands are wet.

33.  Ask questions: Engineering/electrician/medical equipment staff can advise on safe use of equipment.  Directions to patients and family members: what not to touch/change/move with electrical equipment attached to the patient.  Check all cords before attaching equipment – are there any frayed parts/loose connections – report/tag/do not use!

34.  The key to safe environments!