1. OpenGIS background and concepts UniPHORM - UNIGIS Josef STROBL Department of Geography - Salzburg University Parts based on a presentation by Kurt Buehler Open GIS Consortium, Inc.

2. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Why OpenGIS? Extend Open Systems benefits to GIS Achieve “inter-operability” between systems, data, functionality Establish a “common language” and “unified model” for GI Create systems from “best-of-breed” components

3. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. OpenGIS benefits Integration with component computing standards Quick and efficient development cycles Avoid data transfers and redundancies Protect investments - future proofing

4. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. What is the Open GIS Consortium (OGC)? A consensus-based association of public and private sector organizations. Creator and manager of an industry-wide architecture for interoperable geoprocessing. Provider of leadership in the development of user- centered business and purchasing models based on interoperable geoprocessing. Provider of an open forum for conducting a rational industry planning process.

5. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. OGC’s Vision OGC envisions the full integration of geospatial data and geoprocessing resources into mainstream computing and the widespread use of interoperable, commercial geoprocessing software throughout the information infrastructure.

6. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. OGC Mission Involve developers and users of geographic information resources -- including vendors, integrators, academia, government agencies, and standards organizations -- in collaborative development of interoperable geoprocessing technology specifications, and work to promote the delivery of certifiably interoperable products. Synchronize geoprocessing technology with current and emerging information technology standards based on open systems, distributed processing and componentware frameworks. Provide an industry forum that promotes cooperative business development initiatives related to distributed geoprocessing.

7. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Definition of OpenGIS® OpenGIS – Open and interoperable geoprocessing, or the ability to share heterogeneous geodata and geoprocessing resources transparently in a networked environment. “The highest level of the interoperability specification.” OpenGIS Specification (“OGIS”). A software specification that enables geodata sharing and geoprocessing interoperability. An interface standard for interoperable geoprocessing. Open GIS Consortium, Inc. A member-based consensus forum dedicated to the development of OpenGIS technologies and the integration of geoprocessing into enterprise computing.

8. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Technology Development Overview Develop technical specifications for interoperable geoprocessing –Develop an Abstract Specification that is independent of computing platforms Becomes more comprehensive over time –Map this one specification to Implementation Specifications particular to computing platforms Completed in stages, by functional capability May introduce Abstract Specification changes –Maintain and revise specifications as needed

9. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Technology Development Approach Abstract Specification Changes Reach Consensus on a Proposed Change Updated OpenGIS Abstract Specification (now 14 Topics) Proposed Change

10. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Implementation Specification Technology Development Approach Implementation Specification Development OpenGIS Abstract Specification Schedule of developments

11. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. The OpenGIS Abstract Specification Current version has an Overview and 14 topics New topics are on the way... The Topics: 1. Geometry Structures2. Spatial Reference Systems 3. Locational Geometry4. Stored Functions/Interpolation 5. The OpenGIS Feature and Feature Collections 6. The Coverage7. The Earth Image 8. Feature Relationships9. Quality 10. Transfer Technology11. Metadata 12. Services Architecture13. Catalog Service 14. Semantics and Information Communities

12. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Current Status of OGC achievements Abstract Specification URL URL –Available for Topics 0-14 Implementation Specification URL URL –Simple Feature Specification OLE/COM CORBA SQL –Grid Coverages Specification (open RFP) –Catalog Specification (open RFP)

13. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. ISO TC 211 “Geographic Information” ISO (International Standards Organisation) has been working towards the Standardisation of “Geographic Information” for several years through its Technical Committee 211. As an industry association, OGC obviously was able to draw on more resources and proceed much faster than ISO TC 211 ISO TC 211’s ambitions were aiming at establishing a solid foundation for data transfer - OGC then went beyond that target with a clear aim at full interoperability. Cooperation between OGC and ISO has now been formally established (“class A liaison”)

14. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Evolution of Service Layers and Interfaces Hardware platform and/or network services Application Proprietary Spatial Database Presentation (UI) Hardware platform Monolithic Geoprocessing System Spatial Data Access Provider DCP Application Generic Databases Presentation (UI) DCP Presentation (UI) DCP Scenario 1DCP Scenario 2 DCP Scenario 3... toward distributed object computing Application Servers DCP Applications (tools & applets) Data: “Objects Everywhere” Presentation (UI) Application Servers Applications Spatial Data Access Providers Spatial Data Access Providers Generic Databases or Generic Data Stores Application Servers

15. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. OpenGIS Specification Enables Transparent Access to Heterogeneous Geodata File Format Real-Time Data Feed File Format Traditional DBMS File Format Non- traditional DBMS File Format NETWORKS AND CLIENT/SERVER TECHNOLOGY File Format File Format File Format Interfaces based on the OpenGIS Specification

16. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. The Migration from Traditional GIS YesterdayFuture Application Monolithic GIS Proprietary or Generic DBMS Connection Application Spatial DB Middleware Traditional DBMS Open APIs Proprietary APIs Universal Server(s) (spatially- aware) Application Application Services

17. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. USERS DATA RESOURCES Industry Markets Utility Companies Telecom Civil Engineering Niche Integrators Petroleum Intelligent Transport Public Markets Environment Resources Mgmt Infrastructure Urban Planning Disaster Relief Public Safety IVHS Business Markets Real Estate Insurance Banking Cadastral Water resources Land Use Zoning Highway Traffic Transit Water supply Sewer Storm drains Gas & electric Telecom. lines Political Surface geology Hazards Public safety Population Real-time feeds Earth imagery GIS Earth Imaging CAD Mapping GPS Navigation Facilities Mgmt. Database software OODBMS RDBMS Universal server. Desktop publishing Document imaging Workflow Decision support PROCESSING RESOURCES The Goal of Open Geoprocessing

18. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. USERS DATA Industry Markets Utility Companies Telecom Civil Engineering Niche Integrators Petroleum Intelligent Transport Public Markets Environment Resources Mgmt Infrastructure Urban Planning Disaster Relief Public Safety IVHS Business Markets Real Estate Insurance Banking Cadastral Water resources Land Use Zoning Highway Traffic Transit Water supply Sewer Storm drains Gas & electric Telecom. lines Political Surface geology Hazards Public safety Population Real-time feeds Earth imagery. Client-Server/DCP Telecommunications Database Geoprocessing OpenGIS Spec. Geoprocessing: Applications Vendor tools Components Open Platforms OGC Members: Oracle, Informix, IBM, etc. Layers of the Open Geoprocessing Infrastructure

19. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Geoprocessing Market Channels USERS DATA Industry Markets Utility Companies Telecom Civil Engineering Niche Integrators Petroleum Intelligent Transport Public Markets Environment Resources Mgmt Infrastructure Urban Planning Disaster Relief Public Safety IVHS Business Markets Real Estate Insurance Banking Cadastral Water resources Land Use Zoning Highway Traffic Transit Water supply Sewer Storm drains Gas & electric Telecom. lines Political Surface geology Hazards Public safety Population Real-time feeds Earth imagery. Client-Server/DCP Telecommunications Database OpenGIS Spec. Geoprocessing: Applications Vendor tools Components Open Platforms OGC Members: Oracle, Informix, IBM, etc. Application Integration Consumer Model Enterprise Model Agency Programs

20. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Old Paradigm: Static Data Transfer Manifest catalogs schema coord system... Dataset spatial objects attributes composites... Encode from GIS Decode to GIS Data Transfer

21. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. OpenGIS: Dynamic Interoperability Database Server catalogs schema coord system geodata Database Client schema coord system geodata representation CORBA - OLE/COM Requests, Features, & Collections

22. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Architectural Layers in a GIS Component Ware Application Distributed Objects Application Server Database Server Presentation Metadata and Query Interface

23. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Pluggable Computing Model Hardware Environment DCP Services Operating System Environment Data Management Services Pluggable Tools See next slide Human Technology Interface Services Tool Services: GIS Tools Imaging Tools Expert Tools RDBMS Tools

24. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Pluggable Tools Data management interface Private algorithms Private data DCP interface Human-technology interface

25. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Abstract Model Approach The Open Geodata Model encompasses: – features and coverages – geometry and reference systems – feature schema – feature collections and project schema The OpenGIS Services Model encompasses: – catalogs, metadata – operations on geospatial and imagery data

26. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Model of Location and Geometry

27. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Features and Coverages The two fundamental geographic types are: –feature - a representation of a real world entity or an abstraction of the real world –coverage - an association of points within a spatial/temporal domain to a value, which could be a simple or complex data type

28. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Feature Model

29. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Coverage Model

30. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. OpenGIS is an Interface Standard Features and coverages can be implemented by relational or object-based GIS software Common set of requests can be understood by all OpenGIS-compliant services: – Set or get geodetic datum and projection – Create, modify, delete features in the database – Select features from the database by query – And many others...

31. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Well-known Structures Communication of feature objects between the database server and the client is in terms of well-known structures: – Coordinates – Line string – Ring – Polygon – And many others...

32. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. The Big Picture

33. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. The OGC Services Architecture

34. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Geospatial Domain Access Services Open Geospatial Exchange (OGE) Services Imagery Exploitation Services (IES) Geospatial Coordinate Transformation Services (GCTS) Geospatial Annotation Services (GAS) Geospatial Feature Manipulation Services (GFMS) Image Manipulation Services (IMS) Feature Generalization Services (FGS) Geospatial Feature Analysis Services (GFAS) Image Map Generation Services (IMGS) Image Synthesis Services (ISS) Geospatial Display Services (GDS) Geospatial Information Extraction Services (GIES) Geospatial Symbol Management Services (GSMS) Image Understanding Services (IUS) Image Geometry Model Services (IGMS) Geospatial Domain Access Services (GDAS) Geospatial Catalog Services (GCS) Geospatial Dissemination Services (GDS) Geospatial Info. Retrieval Services (GIRS) Geospatial Product Information Service (GPIS) Feature Compression Service (FCS) Image Compression Service (ICS) * Geospatial Domain Access Services (GDAS) Geospatial Info. Packaging Services (GIPS)

35. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Vendor System = Monolith Data

36. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. An Interoperable Component COTS “Plug in” Discard

37. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. New Functionality

38. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Managing the Geospatial Library G/NSDI Stakeholders FGDC DII/COE OGC OMG WWWC ISOSister Disciplines

39. © 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc. Review questionnaire To start the review questionnaire please click to the following address : http://www.geo.sbg.ac.at/projects/UniPhorm/quiz/quiz_opengis.htm