1. An Age of Modernity Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894 - 1914
Chapter 24
An Age of Modernity Anxiety, and Imperialism,

2. Toward the Modern Consciousness: Developments in the Sciences
Science offers certainty
Marie Curie ( ) and Pierre Curie ( )
Max Planck ( )
Albert Einstein ( )
Theory of relativity

3. Toward a New Understanding of the Irrational
Friedrich Nietzsche ( )
Glorifies the irrational
“God is dead”
Concept of the superman
Henri Bergson

4. Sigmund Freud & Psychoanalysis
The Interpretation of Dreams, 1900
The unconscious
Id, ego, and superego
Repression

5. The Impact of Darwinism: Social Darwinism and Racism
Societies are organisms that evolve
Radical Applications
Nationalism
Racism

6. The Attack on Christianity
Political movements of the late 19th century hostile to Christian churches
Catholic Church
Condemned Modernism in 1907

7. Culture of Modernity: Literature
Émile Zola ( )
Naturalism
Must analyze life
Symbolists
Objective knowledge of the world was impossible

8. Modernism in the Arts Impressionism Post-Impressionism
Light and color with structure and form
Subjective Realism
Impact of photography on art
Cubism: Pablo Picasso ( )
Expressionism in music

9. Politics: New Directions and New Uncertainties
The Movement for Women’s Rights: Demands of Women
Florence Nightingale ( )
Clara Barton ( ) Red Cross
Growing demands of suffragists
Peace movements
The New Woman
Maria Montessori ( )
New teaching materials
Began the system of Montessori schools

10. Jews within the European Nation-State
Anti-Semitism
Actions against Jews
Many emigrate
Theodor Herzl ( )

11. The Transformation of Liberalism: Great Britain
Working class demands
Trade Unions
Fabian Socialists
Neither Unions nor Fabian Socialists are Marxist
Britain’s Labour Party
David Lloyd George ( )
Abandons laissez-faire
Backs social reform measures
Beginnings of the welfare state

12. Transformation of Liberalism: Italy and France
Giovanni Giolitti
France
Dreyfus affair
Third Republic
Antirepublican

13. Growing Tensions in Germany
William II ( )
Military and industrial power
Conflict of tradition and modernization
Strong nationalists
Austria-Hungary
Universal male suffrage in 1907
Social Democrats
Emperor Francis Joseph

14. Industrialization and Revolution in Imperial Russia
By 1900 the fourth largest producer of steel
Development of working class
Development of socialist parties
Marxist Social Democratic Party, Minsk, 1898
Russo-Japanese War,
General strike, October 1905
Nicholas II granted civil liberties and a legislative body, Duma
Curtailment of power of the Duma, 1907 

15. The Rise of the United States
Shift to an industrial nation,
9 percent own 71 percent of wealth
Progressive Era
Reform
Pure Food and Drug Act
Woodrow Wilson,
Income tax and Federal Reserve System

16. The New Imperialism Causes of the New Imperialism
Competition among European nations
Social Darwinism and racism
Religious humanitarianism, “White man’s burden”
Economics

17. Other Instances of Imperialism
Portuguese
Mozambique
Angola
French
Algeria, 1830
West Africa and Tunis
British in Egypt
Leopold II,
International Association for the Exploration and Civilization of Central Africa, 1876
Congo
French reaction is to move into territory north of the Congo River
Germany
South West Africa; Cameroons; Togoland; East Africa

18. Imperialism in Asia Japan Southeast Asia Pacific Islands
James Cook to Australia,
British East India Company
Empress of India bestowed on Queen Victoria, 1876
Russian expansion
British acquisition of Hong Kong
Japan
Matthew Perry opens Japan,
Southeast Asia
British & French control
Pacific Islands
US and the Spanish-American War

19. Responses to Imperialism
Africa
New class of educated African leaders
Resentment of foreigners
Intellectual hatred of colonial rule
China
Boxer Rebellion, , Society of Harmonious Fists

20. Japan and India Japan India Samurai Meiji Mutsuhito, 1867-1912
British control results in peace and honest government
Extreme poverty
Indian National Congress, 1883 

21. International Rivalry and the Coming of War
New Alliances
Triple Alliance, 1882 – Germany, Austria, Italy
New Directions and New Crises
Triple Entente, 1907 – Britain, France, Russia
Triple Alliance, 1907 – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy