New York State Security Guard Training

New York State Security Guard Training
Chapter 1 Introduction

Why Have this Course? The Security Guard Act of 1992
In response to the rapid growth in the field of private security Public security is overwhelmed Private concerns need immediate attention that public security can’t provide Private industry relies on private security

Why Have this Course? The Security Guard Act of 1992
In response to the rapid growth in the field of private security Provides a general and specialized workforce to enforce rules, regulations and procedures of employers Prevents loss or damage to people and property

Duties of Private Security
The Security Guard Act of 1992 In response to the rapid growth in the field of private security Represents the employer by providing guidance to visitors and employees Manage traffic flow Deter criminal activities on the employers property

New York State Responds to this Need
The Security Guard Act of 1992 Ensures security personnel meet a minimum recruitment and training standards There is a need to regulate and license security guards

Training Unarmed Training 8 hours pre-assignment training
16 hour on-the-job training course 8 hour annual in-service course

Training Armed Training
47 hour Firearms Training Course for Armed Security Guards 8 hours annual Firearms Training Course for Armed Security Guards

Security Guard Training
Chapter 2 Role of a Security Guard

Role of a Security Guard
The Role of a Security Guard Provide client or employer with professional protective services Dedicated to the principle of maintaining order and security Firm and fair in their actions when providing safety to persons and property

The Role of a Security Guard
Public Relations Treat people with courtesy and tact Be firm but polite Complete assigned tasks

Character A security officers should be honest and loyal to their employers A security officer should not Fail to prevent damage or theft of property Accept bribes Permit violations of company policies or procedures Engage in unlawful activities

Character Report all violations of rules and regulations Beware of the “Routine” This is what you are paid to do There is also the possibility of danger Remain alert

Attitude The security officer is often the first person a visitor comes into contact This is the first impression of the company This will impact all future contacts

Be Courteous This allows for greater cooperation Do’s Assume non-threatening attitude Remain impersonal Expect Repeat questions from visitors Questions that seem silly or ridiculous

Be Courteous Should never be discourteously Making the visitor wait Become emotional Use abusive language Don’t escalate the situation

Appearance Hard Appearance Police type uniform Training of a paramilitary structure

Appearance Soft approach Blazer, slacks, shirt and tie More in tune with a public relations approach

Appearance Regardless must be readily identifiable Good personal appearance, goes with ability

Knowledge of the Job Learning is a Never Ending Process
Rules and regulations Locations and areas of protection Structure of the company

The Security Officers Primary Directive
Detect This includes diligent patrol Good observation and perception skills Being proactive

Deter Deterrence is seen as preventing a crime or incident from occurring This is accomplished by maintaining High visibility High profile Uniformed appearance Don’t fall into a routine or pattern

Report Reporting is gathering information and passing it on the appropriate person Written Verbally Electronically

Duties of a Security Officer
No Longer Just a Watchman or Guard Must have knowledge of the facility Policies and procedures of post Layout of facility Hours of operation Regulations, procedures, notification

No Longer Just a Watchman or Guard General tasks of Security Officers Escort service Alarm response Crime prevention Patrol Crowd and traffic control Basic investigation

No Longer Just a Watchman or Guard Control of theft or loss prevention Be aware of delivery schedules Be knowledgeable of visitor access Be knowledgeable of employee access

No Longer Just a Watchman or Guard Substance Abuse Allows others to be placed in jeopardy White Collar Crimes Sabotage, bribes, kickbacks, payoffs, computer fraud, embezzlement Emergency Situations Fires, explosions, disturbances, strikes, hazardous materials, natural disasters, evacuations

No Longer Just a Watchman or Guard Security officers are not police officers Security officers can only act on company rules, regulations and policies When it comes to enforcing the law, security officers are viewed as private citizens

Chapter 3 Legal Powers and Limitations

Main Functions of a Security Officer
Provide a Safe and Secure Environment for: Employees Visitors Residents

Use Caution When Taking Action Liable for Actions Arrest Detention Use of force

Use Caution When Taking Action Liable for Inactions Mistaken for being a police officer Acting outside your geographic area Security officers have the same legal rights as private citizens Liable may be civil or criminal

The Origins of Law Common Law
A traditional body of early unwritten legal precedents created from everyday English social customs, rules and practices that were supported by judicial decisions during the Middle Ages Judicial decisions came together into a set of legal rules that were accepted as national law

The Origins of Law Common Law
Judges criminalized actions that were previously private disputes Common Law involved the transformation of community rules into a national legal system Common law became the law of the land by proclamation of King Edward the Confessor and William the Conqueror in the 11th Century

The Origins of Law The Magna Carta (1215)
Signed by King John in response to pressure from British barons which demanded a pledge from the king to respect their traditional rights It was interpreted in 1613 by Sir Edward Coke, a Chief Justice under James I, to supply basic liberties to all British citizens and any acts imposed by Parliament which were contrary to common law would not be valid

The Origins of Law The U.S. Constitutional Convention (1787)
A constitution is a system of basic laws and principles that establish the nature, function and limits of a government The framers believed that English Common Law was a solid foundation of civil and human rights laws

However, there were those, Anti-Federalists, who opposed a strong federal government In an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists, the framers of the Constitution added Amendments to ensure the national government would not interfere with individual liberties

The first 10 Amendments are the known as the “Bill of Rights” The 4th Amendment protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures The 5th Amendment protects citizens against self-incrimination

Security Officers and Their Authority
Police Officers Can Arrest Without a Warrant NYS CPL For any offense when he has reason to believe a person has committed the offense in his presence For any offense when he has reason to believe a person has committed the offense whether in his presence or not

Security Officers, Just Like Any Other Person, Can Arrest Without a Warrant NYS CPL For a felony when the person has in fact committed that felony For any offense when the person has in fact committed that offense in his presence

Arrest Without a Warrant by Security Officers
The Standard of Proof The “Standard of Proof” necessary to support an arrest by a private person or security officer requires that the act was committed, not a hunch, not a guess, not ever reasonable belief Remember, only police officers can arrest on a reasonable belief

Felony, Misdemeanor and Violations
An offense for which a sentence to a term of imprisonment in excess of one year may be imposed Misdemeanor An offense, other than a traffic infraction, for which a sentence to a term of imprisonment in excess of 15 days may be imposed, but not in excess of one year

Felony, Misdemeanor and Violations
An offense other than a traffic infraction for which a sentence to a term of imprisonment in excess of 15 day cannot be imposed Offense Conduct for which a sentence to a term of imprisonment or to a fine is provided by an law of this state

Violations of the Rules Civil Law Suits seek monetary compensation from the security officer or company Criminal charges seek punishment from the wrongdoer in the form of imprisonment

Violations of the Rules The “Theory of Respondeat Superior” An employer may be responsible for the acts of an employee, when the employee is acting within the legitimate scope of his authority

Factors Supporting an Arrest
Physical Evidence The “Chain of Evidence” requires that all property seized from an arrestee must be properly documented and accounted for until it is turned over to law enforcement officers Confessions All confessions must be written, signed and witnessed

Fingerprints and Photographs All must be clear and recognizable Witnesses Keep all witnesses at the scene until police arrive Keep them from talking about the incident If they are unable to wait for the police, get good identification

Record personal observations ASAP Record all information from the police Record all information received from sources in addition to the police Establish the reliability of the person making the identification Establish the basic knowledge of the witness

Procedures for Taking a Person into Custody
The Arrest The person effecting the arrest is allowed to use the physical force necessary in Section (4) of the New York State Penal Law

The Arrest (Section 35.30) A private person acting on his own account may use physical force upon another person when and to the extent that he reasonably believes such to be necessary to effect an arrest or to prevent the escape from custody of a person whom he reasonable believes to have committed an offense and who in fact has committed an offense

The Arrest Security officers do not possess the authority given to police officers or peace officers and are not duty bound to act as law enforcement officers

The Arrest Security officers should try to: Use physical presence to deter crime Refrain from using physical force Abide by company policies Instead they should contact police or peace officers

Procedures After an Arrest A person making an arrest must without unnecessary delay deliver the arrestee to the custody of a police officer A person may also solicit the aid of any police officer A person may also solicit the aid of others to deliver the arrestee to the police

The Miranda Warnings In 1966 the U.S. Supreme Court decided that all citizens in police custody should be warned about making statements that may incriminate themselves Private citizens making arrests need not give these Miranda Warnings

Chapter 4 Emergency Situations

Potential Emergency Situations
Fires The security officer needs to aggressively act to prevent fires from starting Remember the old saying “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”

Classification of Fires Class A Ordinary combustibles, wood, paper, cloth Class B Flammable or combustible liquids, gases or grease

Classification of Fires Class C Energized electrical equipment, automotive Class D Combustible metals such as magnesium and titanium

Fire Extinguishers Some are single purpose, some are multi-purpose They will be marked on the side of what fires they will extinguish You should check the this prior to use You need to know what types are available, where they are located, and their status (full)

Factors that can Contribute to the Start of a Fire Rubbish build up, greasy rags stored improperly, smoking in unauthorized areas, open flame heating devices, improperly stored hazardous materials, defective electrical equipment, unattended space heaters, unattended coffee makers left on, combustibles stored near heaters

Steps When Entering a Fire Zone Remember RACE R – Respond A – Alarm C – Contain E – Extinguish

Steps When Entering a Fire Zone Remember PASS P – Pull A – Aim S – Squeeze S – Sweep

Explosions Can be the Result of Accidents Intentional Terrorism Sabotage Bombs

Steps When Encountering an Explosion The safety of the officer is primary Attend to the injured Calm down those who are in panic Make sure everyone is safe and there is no further danger Secure the area to minimize additional loss and injury

Bomb Threats Facts About Bomb Threats Most are unfounded, but need to be taken seriously They are intended to create a disruption to the workplace False reports are made to catch the victim off guard when the threat is real

How to Respond to Bomb Threats List to what the caller is saying Try to keep the caller on the phone Listen for background noise Try to determine the type of bomb, location, detonation time, why the bomb was placed Record all the information Notify the management

How do Bombs Enter the Building Mail or messenger Disgruntled or former employee Emotionally disturbed person Protest groups Car or truck Bombs don’t have to enter the building to be effective

Tips on Locating Bombs Look for something out of place Assist professionals in finding them

Hazardous Material Incidents Security officer should be aware of stored hazardous materials, their properties and dangers Hazardous Material Training HazCom Awareness HAZMAT accidents National Fire Protection Association placard system

General Rules Established by HAZMAT Don’t touch or smell the material If it is liquid, don’t try to mop it up Make all notifications by phone, radio transmissions can trigger an explosion Only properly trained personnel should attempt the cleanup

Natural Disasters Power interruptions Water leaks Window damage Failing ice Icy sidewalks Be prepared to assist in evacuations and emergency relocations

Crimes in Progress Respond with more than one guard if possible Listen to the dispatcher for updates and information Relay information to other units Remember laws about arrest and force Identify and separate potential witnesses Establish and secure the crime scene

Security Response to Emergencies
Evacuation of Employees Emergency Preparedness Plan Notification lists Proper authorities to contact Evacuation routes Loss control procedures Individual roles in executing the procedures

Responding to Emergencies The safety of the officer is primary Know the employers emergency plans and your role Keep and up to date emergency list Request assistance when needed, no heroes Secure the area as best as possible Ensure your safety and then the safety of others

Responding to Emergencies Evacuate and assist if necessary Remain calm, you are in control Take mental and field notes Know your limitations Have a thorough knowledge of the work area

After the Emergency has Passed Asked to be critiqued on your performance Learn from your experience Find new ways to improve your response

The Next Two Things A smoke condition appears to be coming from the floor above 25 people walk into the lobby and begin to picket your buildings biggest tenant A women rushes up to you and tells you that a man on the 5th floor appears to be in cardiac arrest

The Next Two Things You hear a rumble, glass start to break, the first major earthquake in N.Y. in 100 years A riot breaks out, outside your building when a local sensational trial verdict is handed down

Chapter 5 Communications and Public Relations

Communication The Importance of Communication Can’t be Overstated
Components of Communication The sender-the person delivering the message The receiver-the person to whom the message is being delivered Feedback-affirmation that the message was received by the person intended and that they understood the message

Five Uses of Communication in Security
Public Relations This is the most common It is used to combat prejudices Tools to use are appearance, demeanor, tact and understanding A combination of verbal and non-verbal skills

Compliance Used to maintain order Describing events Key for reports Legal testimony Documentation Communication with outside agencies

Emergencies Protecting people and property The rapid, accurate exchange of information can be critical for successful response to an emergency in progress Interviewing An investigative tool

Three Methods of Communication
Verbal Communication Sent by speaking and received by hearing Speaking components Listening components Non-verbal communication skills can enhance verbal skills and the overall communication process

Verbal Communication Common uses of oral communications Common problems Skills to practice to communicate more effectively

Non-verbal Communication Non-verbal components Non-verbal communication is usually the first and has a lasting effect on communication

Written Communication Documentation of activities May be an aid to memory Communication with superiors Types of written communication Rules of written communication Writing exercise

Written Communication Statements May be taken orally, but written is preferred Must be voluntary, no threats or promises or intimidation

Written Communication The interview should be planned in advance Questions to be asked Suitable location Recording method

Obstacles to Effective Communication
Message Breakdown Caused by the security officers ability to correctly state the message Lack of speaking ability Lack of understanding the message to be delivered Using phrases or jargon, poor presentation, poor organization, no feedback

Psychological Barriers Bias or prejudice Panic or fear Threat to personal safety Noise Extreme emotion

Failed Reception Mental illness Stress Marital problems Financial problems Health problems Cultural or language problems

Components for Effective Communication
Feedback Use a third ear Adjust your rate of speech Face to face Sensitivity to the receiver

Components for Effective Communication
Reinforce words with actions Use direct and simple language Use repetition Command presence

Chapter 6 Access Control

Elements of Access Control and Identification
Visual Recognition Personal knowledge You know the person and stop asking for identification Least reliable means of identification Adhere to posted orders

Written Documentation Employee photo badges Visitor badges and vendor identification Work orders Delivery manifests If the security officer has a question about the documentation Ask for additional identification Contact a person in the area

Third Party Authorization Issuance of a written order authorizing admittance of a visitor at a certain time and date Contacting the employee to be visited and verifying the visit The employee can come to the security post and personally escort the visitor to the area

Security Escorts All visitor are escorted to the area to be visited and the responsibility is passed to the employee This is high security, the visitor has little freedom of movement

Log-in Procedures Accountability In case of an emergency, security is aware of all occupied areas Complies with guidelines Discourages access by unauthorized personnel Encourages security/employee interaction

The Golden Rule When in doubt, deny access Document any attempts Bring the attempts to a supervisor

Threat Potential Assessment
Assessment is used to determine the level of access control necessary to adequately protect the facility Demographics Type of facility Occupants functions Level of physical security in place

Major Threats to Industry and Government
Sabotage Damage or disable equipment Internal causes External causes Why was the damage caused

Espionage Surveillance, infiltration and spying of the activities of a business or government agency Internal or external Common practice among competitors The more competitive the market, the greater the chance for espionage

Terrorism An overt act that causes apprehension, panic, fear and/or damage and which ultimately disrupts the normal working environment of the business or governmental agency Low level

Types of Access Control
Environmental Barriers created to control the flow of pedestrians and vehicle traffic Strategically placed landscaping and lighting

Physical Security Electronic card readers Tamper resistant locks Security doors Central station alarms Closed circuit television Fences

Personnel Security officers posted at entry points and at vulnerable areas Posted orders and employer rules and regulations about access and restrictions Approve or deny access to restricted areas

Chapter 7 Ethics and Conduct

Ethics Defining Ethics The discipline with what is good and bad
With moral duty and obligation and a set of moral principles The principles of conduct governing an individual or group

Ethics What are Ethics? Involves a value for one thing over another
A choice of good over bad Infers acting on principle because someone is the better for it Infers moral responsibility and principle upon which ones actions are based

Integrity Defining Integrity
A firm adhere to a code of especially moral or artistic values Incorruptible Honest

Morals Defining Morals
Relating to the principles of right and wrong in behavior

Ethics So, Ethics are a system of moral principles which lead to the highest good

A Code of Ethics A Code of Ethics
Contains general statements on principles and/or rules of conduct by which members of a particular profession regulate their behavior among themselves and others they deal with in a professional capacity Incorporates moral and ethical principles and philosophies and is a measure of a person’s conduct against a standard of behavior

A Code of Ethics A Code of Ethics
In society there are certain basic ethical and moral rules of behavior A code of ethics focuses on conduct within specific professions

Why a Code of Ethics for Security Guards?
Higher expectations Position of authority Potential for serious harm Public holds officers to a higher standard Represent employer and company Public relies on officers

Benefits of a Code of Ethics for Security Officers
Creates a sense of professionalism Promotes professionalism Enhances public’s view of officers Provides a foundation for professional, responsible and honorable actions Provides better protection of public rights

Benefits of a Code of Ethics for Security Officers
Attracts A better pool of applicants Creates a more professional image There is less turnover

Unethical Practices Loss of Public Confidence
One bad apple spoils the whole basket Excessive use of force False arrest and detention Illegal search and seizure Impersonation of police officers Any act of dishonesty

Unethical Practices Loss of Public Confidence
One bad apple spoils the whole basket Failure to report criminal acts Accepting bribes or gratuities Falsifying reports Showing favoritism

Code of Ethics for Security Officers
Leaders in Establishing a Code of Ethics for Security officers American Society for Industrial Security International Association of Chiefs of Police Private Security Management and Security Employees

Code of Ethics for Security Officers
The Bottom Line in Ethics is: Never knowingly to do harm

Now that the Course is Complete
Call or Ask for a Security Guard Registration Application Packet or download the application Follow the instructions

New York State Security Guard Training

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