1. Computer Hardware Information Technology Week 5 and 6

2. Essential Question(s)
Objectives
Discuss how a computer uses binary codes to represent data in electronic form
Describe input and output devices
Describe each of the major system unit components
Distinguish between primary and secondary storage
Describe the different types of memory
Essential Question(s)
Discuss expansion slots and boards
How does a computer work?
Discuss the four standard ports
Why are some computers more powerful than others?
Define input and output
How do you get information out?
How do you recall information?

3. Class …..
Take out your notes and be prepared to write down all the questions and answers presented in this Power Point Notes are worth 50 points and will be delivered over several days.

4. What Is a Computer? How is a computer defined?
A programmable, usually electronic device, that can store, retrieve and process data
Some of the first computers were mechanical, then electro mechanical

5. SOME OF THE FIRST COMPUTERS

6. MY FIRST COMPUTERS
Referred in kilobytes now in speed

7. The Components of a Computer
What is an input device?
Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions

8. The Components of a Computer
What is an output device?
Hardware that
conveys information to a user

9. The Components of a Computer
What is the system unit?
Box-like case
containing
electronic
components
used to process
data

10. What is the magic inside the black box?
Storage Units
Memory card
Video Card
Power
Supply
CPU
Is the Mother Board
Whole Thing
Sound Card

11. What is it?
Power supply

12. An opening on a system board or mother board.
What is….
An opening on a system board or mother board.
Expansion slot

13. What is this?
Expansion card

14. The Components of a Computer
What are two main components on the motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a processor
Carries out instructions
that tell computer what to do
Memory
Temporary holding place for data
and instructions

15. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
What is….
The part of the computer that holds data and program instructions for processing the data.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

16. What does….
CPU stand for?
Central Processing Unit

17. The communications media for the entire system including the CPU.
What is….
The communications media for the entire system including the CPU.
motherboard

18. What is….
Contained on chips connected to the system board and is a holding area for data instructions and information.
memory

19. The Components of a Computer
What is storage?
Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored
Storage device
Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium

20. The Components of a Computer
What is a hard disk?
Provides much greater storage capacity than a CD Drive
Housed inside the system unit
Enclosed disk drive containing one or more metallic discs.

21. The Components of a Computer
What is a compact disc?
Flat, round, portable metal disc
CD-ROM
CD-RW
Capacity: 673~768 MB
DVD-ROM
DVD+RW
Capacity:4.7 ~ 17.1 GB

22. The Components of a Computer
What is miniature storage media?
Digital cameras
Portable, thin memory cards used in:
Handheld computers
cell phones

23. Identify & list from least capacity to most capacity.

24. A tiny circuit board etched onto silicon.
What is….
A tiny circuit board etched onto silicon.
chip

25. Computer Memory RAM ROM
Forgets everything when the computer is turned off.
Unable to change.
RAM or ROM?
RAM or ROM?
RAM
ROM

26. Provides space for programs in use.
What is….
Provides space for programs in use.
RAM

27. Provides instructions for starting the computer.
What is….
Provides instructions for starting the computer.
ROM

28. How often a displayed image is updated or redrawn on the monitor.
What is….
How often a displayed image is updated or redrawn on the monitor.
Refresh rate

29. Data sent to the computer.
What is….
Data sent to the computer.
input

30. Input OR Output? Keyboard Monitor Printer Camera Scanner Tablet
Speaker
Touch Pad IN
OUT

31. Accessing information from storage.
What is….
Accessing information from storage.
reading

32. A measurement in pixels or a monitor’s clarity.
What is….
A measurement in pixels or a monitor’s clarity.
resolution

33. The amount of data that can be stored.
What is….
The amount of data that can be stored.
capacity

34. Holds data and program instructions for processing data.
What is….
Holds data and program instructions for processing data.
Primary storage

35. Storage that loses data when the computer turns off.
What is….
Storage that loses data when the computer turns off.
volatile

36. What is….
Permanent storage used to preserve programs and data and can be retained after the computer is turned off.
Secondary storage

37. Which one has the most uses?
USB

38. The chip that contains the CPU. (The brains of the system)
What is….
The chip that contains the CPU. (The brains of the system)
microprocessor

39. What is….
The measure of a computer’s processing power. (How fast it can execute code)
Clock speed

40. Where frequently accessed information is held.
What is….
Where frequently accessed information is held.
cache

41. What is….
The numbering system in which all numbers consist of only two numbers: 1 and 0
Binary system

42. What is….
A single binary digit.
bit

43. A group of EIGHT binary digits.
What is….
A group of EIGHT binary digits.
byte

44. What is….
Any size group of binary digits. Most common starts at 8 bits 16, 32, 64
word

45. How many bytes can it process?
A 64 bit word computer
8 bytes

46. What is shown here?
Bus lines
How Binary
Travels

47. Binary TO Decimal
153
112 17 14 81 ?
BINARY
DECIMAL
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange

48. How many bytes? KB? MB? GB? TB? Approx 1,000 Approx 1 million
(1,024 or 2^10)
Approx 1 million
(1,048,576 or 2^20)
Approx 1 billion
(1,073,741,824 or 2^30)
Approx 1 trillion
(1,099,511,627,776 or 2^40)

49. Decimal TO Binary
128 12 2
234
178
DECIMAL
BINARY

50. Char
Binary A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Char
Binary a b c d e f g h I j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
Using the ASCII to Binary table to decode the following:
Ace IT