1. Periodic Table
Larry Scheffler
Lincoln High School
IB Chemistry 1-2 .1

2. Periodic Table 3.1 The periodic table
3.1.1 Describe the arrangement of elements in the periodic table in order of increasing atomic number.
3.1.2 Distinguish between the terms group and period.
3.1.3 Apply the relationship between the electron arrangement of elements and their position in the periodic table up to Z = 20.
3.1.4 Apply the relationship between the number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level for an element and its position in the periodic table. .2

3. The Periodic Table-Key Questions
What is the periodic table ?
What information does the table provide ?
How can one use the periodic table to predict the properties of the elements? .3

4. Periodic Table
The development of the periodic table brought a system of order to what was otherwise an collection of thousands of pieces of information.
The periodic table is a milestone in the development of modern chemistry. It not only brought order to the elements but it also enabled scientists.
to predict the existence
of elements that had
not yet been discovered . .4

5. Early Attempts to Classify Elements
Dobreiner’s Triads (1827)
Classified elements in sets of three having similar properties.
Found that the properties of the middle element were approximately an average of the other two elements in the triad. .5

6. Dobreiner’s Triads Element Atomic Mass Average Density Cl Br I 35.5
(amu)
Average
Density
(g cm-3) Cl Br I
35.5
79.9
126.9
81.2
1.56
3.12
4.95
3.25 Ca Sr Ba
40.1
87.6
137.3
88.7
1.55
2.6
3.5
2.53
Note: In each case, the numerical values for the atomic mass and density of the middle element are close to the averages of the other two elements .6

7. Newland’s Octaves -1863
John Newland attempted to classify the then 62 known elements of his day.
He observed that when classified according to atomic mass, similar properties appeared to repeat for about every eighth element
His Attempt to correlate the properties of elements with musical scales subjected him to ridicule.
In the end his work was acknowledged and he was vindicated with the award of the Davy Medal in 1887 for his work. .7

8. Dmitri Mendeleev
Dmitri Mendeleev is credited with creating the modern periodic table of the elements.
He gets the credit because he not only arranged the atoms, but he also made predictions based on his arrangements His predictions were later shown to be quite accurate. .8

9. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Mendeleev organized all of the elements into one comprehensive table.
Elements were arranged in order of increasing mass.
Elements with similar properties were placed in the same row. .9

10. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
.1010

11. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Mendeleev left some blank spaces in his periodic table. At the time the elements gallium and germanium were not known. He predicted their discovery and estimated their properties.
.11

12. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Here is what he predicted and estimated properties of Germanium along with the actual data.
.12

13. The Modern Periodic Table
The Periodic Table has undergone several modifications before it evolved in its present form. The current form is usually attributed to Glenn Seaborg in 1945
.13

14. Periodic Table Expanded View
The Periodic Table can be arranged by energy sub levels
The s-block is Group IA and & IIA,
the p-block is Group IIIA - VIIIA
The d-block is the transition
metals,
and the f-block are the
Lanthanides and Actinide metals
.14

15. Periodic Table Expanded View
The way the periodic table usually shown is a compressed view.
The Lanthanides and actinides (F block) are cut out and placed at the bottom of the table.
.15

16. The Periodic table Noble Gases Alkali Metals Alkaline Earths Halogens
Transition Metals
Lanthanides and Actinides

17. Periodic Table: Metallic Arrangement
Layout of the Periodic Table: Metals vs. nonmetals .
Nonmetals
Metals
.17

18. The Three Broad Classes are the Representative, Transition, & Rare Earth
Main (Representative),
Transition metals,
lanthanides and actinides (rare earth)
.18

19. Additional Groupings in the Periodic Table
Nonmetals, Metals, Metalloids, Noble gases
.19

20. Periodic Table: The electron configurations are inherent in the periodic tableLi
2s1 Be
2s2 B
2p1 C
2p2 N
2p3 O
2p4 F
2p5 Ne
2p6 Na
3s1 Mg
3s2 Al
3p1 Si
3p2 P
3p3 S
3p4 Cl
3p5 Ar
3p6 K
4s1 Ca
4s2 Sc
3d1 Ti
3d2 V
3d3 Cr
4s13d5 Mn
3d5 Fe
3d6 Co
3d7 Ni
3d8 Cu
4s13d10 Zn
3d10 Ga
4p1 Ge
4p2 As
4p3 Se
4p4 Be
4p5 Kr
4p6 Rb
5s1 Sr
5s2 Y
4d1 Zr
4d2 Nb
4d3 Mo
5s14d5 Tc
4d5 Ru
4d6 Rh
4d7 Ni
4d8 Ag
5s14d10 Cd
4d10 In
5p1 Sn
5p2 Sb
5p3 Te
5p4 I
5p5 Xe
5p6 Cs
6s1 Ba
6s2 La
5d1 Hf
5d2 Ta
5d3 W
6s15d5 Re
5d5 Os
5d6 Ir
5d7 Ni
5d8 Au
6s15d10 Hg
5d10 Tl
6p1 Pb
6p2 Bi
6p3 Po
6p4 At
6p5 Rn
6p6 Fr
7s1 Ra
7s2 Ac
6d1 Rf
6d2 Db
6d3 Sg
7s16d5 Bh
6d5 Hs
6d6 Mt
6d7
.20

21. Periodic Table Organization------ Groups or Families
Vertical columns in the periodic table are known as groups or families The elements in a group have similar electron configurations
.21

22. Periodic Table Organization ---- Periods
Horizontal Rows in the periodic table are known as Periods The Elements in a period undergo a gradual change in properties as one proceeds from left to right
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