1. Objective: SWBAT understand how DNA technology influenced the area of Forensics
Using this picture as a guide, explain how gel electrophoresis works.

2. Quiz on Monday
Notebook Checks on Thursdays

3. DNA fingerprinting
Because DNA is as unique to you as your fingerprints, the term used to analyze human DNA is called DNA fingerprinting
Four main steps
Extracting DNA
Cutting DNA
Sorting segments
Analyzing the results

4. DNA fingerprinting
Because DNA is as unique to you as your fingerprints, the term used to analyze human DNA is called DNA fingerprinting
Four main steps
Extracting DNA
Cutting DNA
Sorting segments
Analyzing the results

5. DNA fingerprinting
Because DNA is as unique to you as your fingerprints, the term used to analyze human DNA is called DNA fingerprinting
Four main steps
Extracting DNA
Cutting DNA
Sorting segments
Analyzing the results

6. Isolation of DNA Break down membranes to reach DNA
Break down proteins to release DNA
Separate DNA from mixture
Once the DNA is isolated, it is able to be characterized

7. 2. Cutting the DNA
The whole DNA molecule is too complex to characterize
Characterize pieces of fragments of DNA

8. Restriction Enzymes- found in bacteria used to cut DNA in smaller fragments A restriction enzyme will recognize a specific sequence of bases and cut the DNA molecule at a specific point

9. For example Restriction Enzyme - Cuts between G and C T T T G C C C A
A AA C G G G T
TTTG CCCA
AAAC GGGT
1 2

10. For example Restriction Enzyme - EcoRi Finds the sequence GAATTC
Cuts between G and A
G A A T T C
C T T A A G
G A T T T G A T T C C G A T T C
C T A A A C T A A G G C T A A G

11. For example Restriction Enzyme - EcoRi Finds the sequence GAATTC
Cuts between G and A
G A A T T C
C T T A A G
G A T T T G A T T C C G A T T C
C T A A A C T A A G G C T A A G

12. For example Restriction Enzyme - EcoRi Finds the sequence GAATTC
Cuts between G and A
G A A T T C
C T T A A G
G A T T T G A T T C C G A T T C
C T A A A C T A A G G C T A A G

13. RFLP R- Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA into
F- fragments that are many different
L- lengths and exhibits
P- polymorphism (‘many shapes’)

14. Simulation of RFLP
Purpose In this activity you will take a long strand of simulated DNA and use simulated restriction enzymes to cut the strand and make a DNA fingerprint. Using a comparison of fragments lengths, you will then analyze the DNA fingerprints to determine the perpetrator of a crime

15. Simulation of RFLP
Purpose In this activity you will take a long strand of simulated DNA and use simulated restriction enzymes to cut the strand and make a DNA fingerprint. Using a comparison of fragments lengths, you will then analyze the DNA fingerprints to determine the perpetrator of a crime

16. Post-lab Questions
Answer in complete sentences and turn in on separate sheet of paper
SUMMARIZE THE PURPOSE OF THIS LAB INTO YOUR OWN WORDS
WHICH SUSPECT IS THE PERPORTRATOR?
WHY ARE RESTRICTION ENZYMES USED FOR DNA FINGERPRINTING?
IS CUTTING BETWEEN THE A AND G ON THE TOP SEQUENCE THE SAME AS CUTTING BETWEEN THE G AND A ON THE BOTTOM SEQUENCE? EXPLAIN OR ILLUSTRATE
DESCRIBE THE STEPS USED BY SCIENTIST TO MAKE A DNA FINGERPRINT.
SHOW HOW THE FOLLOWING DNA SEQUENCES WOULD BE CUT BY THE RESTRICTION ENZYME Hae III
Hae 111 identifies the sequence GGCC and cuts between the G and C
GGCCATGGCCATG
CCGGTACCGGTAC