1. Notes on Plural Nouns 1.The regular way to form the plural of a noun is to add an s. associate associatesnovel novels 2.Nouns ending in s, ss, x, z, ch, sh will add an es to form the plural. Jones Jonesescrutch crutches 3.If a noun ends in y and is preceded by a consonant, change the y to an i and add es. lady ladiescountry countries exception: proper names Kennedys 4.If a noun ends in y and is preceded by a vowel, just add an s. journey journeyskeykeys

2. 5.Nouns ending in f or fe are made plural by either adding s or by changing the f to a v and adding es. life liveschef chefs 6.Nouns ending in o which follow a vowel are made plural by adding s. If the o follows a consonant, it is made plural by adding es. patio patios tornado tornadoes exceptions (1) musical instruments/terms pianos (2)proper names Brunos 7. For compound nouns written as one word, additions are made to the end of the word. icebox iceboxesbaseball baseballs

3. 8. Compound nouns written separately are made plural by making the first noun plural. sister-in-law sisters-in-law maid of honor maids of honor exceptions: words like middle school middle schools or baseball team baseball teams 9. Some nouns stay the same in the singular and plural form. deer, moose, French 10.The plural of numbers, letters, and symbols are formed by adding ‘s. 1900 1900’sc c’s

4. 11.Some nouns are considered irregular because they change their form. foot feetcrisis crises