1. Developing Technology for NASA Earth Science Technology Strategy Panel, 50 th Goddard Memorial Symposium March 28, 2012 Robert Bauer Deputy Director Earth Science Technology Office

2. Earth Science at NASA Earth Science Technology Program Incorporating Strategic Direction Technology Challenges Conclusions Topics 2

3. Earth Science at NASA Overarching goal: to advance Earth System science, including climate studies, through spaceborne data acquisition, research and analysis, and predictive modeling Six major activities: Building and operating Earth observing satellite missions, many with international and interagency partners Making high-quality data products available to the broad science community Conducting and sponsoring cutting-edge research –Field campaigns to complement satellite measurements –Analyses of non-NASA mission data –Modeling Applied Science Developing technologies to improve Earth observation capabilities Education and Public Outreach 3

4. NASA Earth Science Major Operating Satellites

5. Science Areas and Measurements Atmospheric Water Vapor River Stage Height Water & Energy Cycle Land Surface Topography Surface Deformation Terrestrial Reference Frame Earth Surface & Interior Biomass Vegetation Canopy Fuel Quality & Quantity CO 2 & Methane Trace Gas Sources Land Cover & Use Terrestrial & Marine Productivity Carbon Cycle & Ecosystems Aerosol Properties Total Aerosol Amount Cloud Particle Properties Cloud System Structure Ozone Vertical Profile & Total Column Ozone Surface Gas Concentrates Atmospheric Composition Tropospheric Winds Atmospheric Temperature and Water Vapor Cloud Particle Properties Cloud System Structure Storm Cell Properties Weather Ocean Surface Currents Deep Ocean Circulation Sea Ice Thickness Ice Surface Topography Climate Variability 5

6. The Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) is a science-driven, competed, actively managed technology program. Competitive, peer-reviewed proposals enable selection of best-of-class technology investments that retire risk before major dollars are invested: a cost-effective approach to technology development and validation. ESTO investment elements include: Observation Technologies: Advanced Component Technologies (ACT) provides development of critical component and subsystem technologies for instruments and platforms Instrument Incubator Program (IIP) provides robust new instruments and measurement techniques Advanced Information Systems Technology (AIST) provides innovative on-orbit and ground capabilities for communication, processing, and management of remotely sensed data and the efficient generation of data products and knowledge Information Technologies: Earth Science Technology: Program Elements 6

7. NASA Earth Science Decadal Survey Missions Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) Ice, Cloud,and land Elevation Satellite II (ICESat-II) Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Deformation, Ecosystem Structure and Dynamics of Ice (Radar) (DESDynI -R) Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment - II (GRACE - II) Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HYSPIRI) Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions (ASCENDS) Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) Aerosol - Cloud - Ecosystems (ACE) LIDAR Surface Topography (LIST) Precipitation and All-Weather Temperature and Humidity (PATH) Snow and Cold Land Processes (SCLP) Three-Dimensional Winds from Space Lidar (3D-Winds) Global Atmospheric Composition Mission (GACM) Pre-Aerosol - Cloud - Ecosystems (PACE) Far TermNear Term

8. NASA Earth Science Decadal Survey Missions Ice, Cloud,and land Elevation Satellite II (ICESat-II) Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment - II (GRACE - II) Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions (ASCENDS) Aerosol - Cloud - Ecosystems (ACE) LIDAR Surface Topography (LIST) Three-Dimensional Winds from Space Lidar (3D-Winds) Lasers Single channel lidar with GPS navigation and pointing Multibeam cross-track dual-wavelength lidar 1.57 and 2.06 µm bands, 200m swath Spatial elevation mapping laser system Laser satellite-to- satellite interferometer Coherent and noncoherent hybrid Doppler wind lidar

9. NASA Earth Science Decadal Survey Missions Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Deformation, Ecosystem Structure and Dynamics of Ice (Radar) (DESDynI -R) Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Aerosol - Cloud - Ecosystems (ACE) Snow and Cold Land Processes (SCLP) Radars

10. NASA Earth Science Decadal Survey Missions Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HYSPIRI) Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) Aerosol - Cloud - Ecosystems (ACE) LIDAR Surface Topography (LIST) Global Atmospheric Composition Mission (GACM) Pre-Aerosol - Cloud - Ecosystems (PACE) Passive Optics Multispectral polarimetric imager (aerosols); UV to NIR spectrometer (ocean color) UV to Vis moderate resolution hyperspectral imager; High resolution coastal event imager; and IR CO radiometer UV to SWIR hyperspectral radiometric imager; IR to Far IR spectral radiometer UV to IR spectrometers

11. NASA Earth Science Decadal Survey Missions Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Precipitation and All-Weather Temperature and Humidity (PATH) Snow and Cold Land Processes (SCLP) Global Atmospheric Composition Mission (GACM) Passive Microwave L-band radiometer 50 to 183 GHz thinned array radiometer (temp. and humidity) K and Ka-band radiometers (snow-water equivalent) Microwave limb sounder (atmospheric chemistry)

12. NASA Earth Science Decadal Survey Missions Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) Ice, Cloud,and land Elevation Satellite II (ICESat-II) Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Deformation, Ecosystem Structure and Dynamics of Ice (Radar) (DESDynI -R) Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment - II (GRACE - II) Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HYSPIRI) Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions (ASCENDS) Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) Aerosol - Cloud - Ecosystems (ACE) LIDAR Surface Topography (LIST) Precipitation and All-Weather Temperature and Humidity (PATH) Snow and Cold Land Processes (SCLP) Three-Dimensional Winds from Space Lidar (3D-Winds) Global Atmospheric Composition Mission (GACM) Pre-Aerosol - Cloud - Ecosystems (PACE) Lasers Passive Optics Passive Microwave Radars

13. Upon publication of the Earth Science Decadal Survey in 2007, ESTO investments already supported all 18 of the recommended mission concepts. Since then, ESTO has awarded 107 additional technology projects representing an investment of over $211M directly related to the Earth Science priorities outlined by the Decadal Survey (including AIST11 selections not yet identified below). Science Driven: Enabling the Earth Science Decadal Survey Tier ITier IITier III 2007 - 2009 2010 - 2011 Instrument Technology Investments Component Technology Investments Information Systems Investments – Direct Applicability Information Systems Investments – Secondary Applicability planned aircraft testing planned balloon testing (note: component and information systems investments may apply to more than one mission)

14. CO 2 Column Measurement (instrument investments) Science Measurements Demonstrations / Campaigns Technology Development Broadband Lidar Heaps IIP-07 2.0 µm Pulsed CO 2 DIAL Ismail IIP-04, LRRP Airborne Validations 2.0 µm CW CO2 Laser Sounder Menzies IIP-98, Phillips ACT-08 Ground Demonstration 2010-11 ASCENDS Science Definition Airborne Experiments ASCENDS Mission 1.6 µm Pulsed CO 2 Laser Sounder Abshire ATI-99, IIP-04, IIP-07

15. Key Technology Challenges Active Remote Sensing Technologies to enable atmospheric, cryospheric and earth surface measurements Large Deployables to enable future weather, climate and natural hazards measurements Intelligent Distributed Systems using advanced communication, on-board processors, autonomous network control, data compression, and high density storage Information Knowledge Capture through 3-D visualization, holographic memory and seamlessly linked models. Atmospheric chemistry using lidar vertical profiles Ice cap, glacier, sea ice, and snow characterization using radar and lidar Tropospheric vector winds using lidar Temperature, water vapor, and precipitation from geostationary orbit Soil moisture and sea surface salinity using L-band Surface deformation and vegetation using radar Long-term weather and climate prediction linking observations to models Interconnected sensor webs that share information to enhance observations Information Knowledge Capture through 3-D visualization, holographic memory and seamlessly linked models. Intelligent data fusion to merge multi-mission data Discovery tools to extract knowledge from large and complex data sets Real time science processing, archiving, and distribution of user products 15

16. Conclusions The technology strategy for Earth science is driven by scientific guidance. Technology investments are specifically targeted toward Decadal Survey mission and measurement concepts. A portfolio of competitively selected awards is reducing risk and improving measurement concepts. 16