2. by
LESSON PLANNING
Aneela Israr

3. Presentation Outline Introduction Purpose of a lesson plan
Four Major Elements of a lesson plan
Six common mistakes in writing lesson plans
Lesson plan the easy way
Characteristics of a good lesson plan

4. …Course Outline Advantages of lesson plan Writing lesson plans
How to plan
Measurement, Assessment & Evaluation in Education
Practice lesson planning
(Hall display)

5. By the end of the session the participants will be able to:
OBJECTIVES OF THE DAY
Objectives:
By the end of the session the participants will be able to:
Explain the process of lesson planning
Prepare a lesson plan as per the text book.
Demonstrate their understanding of the skills enhanced through the use of the lesson plans.

6. …objectives Learn a skill that will help to define you as a teacher.
Understand the concept of thinking of a lesson plan as a way of communicating
Help new or inexperienced teachers organize content, materials, and methods.
An objective is a description of what a student does that forms the basis for making an inference about learning.
1-Learn a skill that will help to define you as a teacher. Knowing "how to" is far more important than knowing "about" when it comes to lesson plans, and is one of the important markers along the way to becoming a professional teacher
2-and without doubt, effective communication skills are fundamental to all teaching.

7. Purpose of a lesson plan:To
structure the lesson
organize its contents/materials
determine method of its delivery
assess students’ learning
evaluate its application/effectiveness

8. FOUR MAJOR ELEMENTS Educational Objectives
Content and Appropriate Teaching Activities
Preparation of all the Material
Monitoring & Assessing Learning

9. : Six Common Mistakes In Writing Lesson Plans
(AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT THEM)
Successful teachers are invariably good planners and thinkers. They didn't get that way overnight. The road to success requires commitment and practice, especially of those skills involved in planning lessons, activities, and managing classroom behavior. Planning lessons is a fundamental skill all teachers must develop and hone, although implementation of this skill in actual teaching can, and usually does, take some time. Being able to develop an effective lesson plan format is a core skill for all who teach. So let's begin at the beginning.
In our career as a teacher and teacher educator, we have read and evaluated thousands of lesson plans written by education students at all levels. On a consistent basis, we see mistakes that distort or weaken what the plans are supposed to communicate. If you are serious about improving your skill in planning lessons, you should begin by first thinking carefully about what the lesson is supposed to accomplish. There is no substitute for this. In teaching students how to develop lesson plans, the following are mistakes we have observed that students make most often:

10. Tutor’s input: Six common mistakes in LPs
Poorly written objectives lead to faulty inferences.
The lesson assessment is not connected with the behavior indicated in the objective.
Prerequisites are not specified or are inconsistent with the lesson requirements.
The materials specified in the lesson are irrelevant to those described learning activities.
Teacher’s instructions are inefficient
Students activities do not contribute effectively to the lesson objective
1) An objective is a description of what a student does that forms the basis for making an inference about learning. - An objective is a description of what a student does that forms the basis for making an inference about learning.
An assessment must be based on the behavior indicated in the objectives. It must be based on the same behavior that is incorporated in the objective. Anything else is flawed.

11. Lesson Planning
The Easy Way

12. Lesson Plan the Easy Way
The clearer the structure of a lesson and the more precise the directions on what is to be accomplished, the higher the achievement rate.

13. FIVE LEVELS OF PLANNING
Daily planning … (Teacher)
2. Weekly planning… (Teachers-individually
as well as in groups)
3. Unit planning … (Teachers’ Group /Co – ordination)
Term planning …
Yearly planning …

14. … Lesson Plan The Easy Way
Characteristics
A Good Lesson Plan is
based upon previous knowledge.
caters to the age level of students.
uses motivational techniques
includes necessary materials
is student centered, flexible, complete, interesting & activity based
has proportionate time allocation
includes evaluation process
h. includes all the essential elements of a lesson plan
(evaluation process :how well students apply what they learn)

15. … Lesson Plan The Easy Way
Advantages of lesson plan
makes the work regular & organized
it induces confidence.
it saves time
promotes learning.
it makes conscious for the achievement of objectives.
improves results

16. … Lesson Plan The Easy Way
Writing Lesson Plans
The writing of lesson plan has three important
Functions:
identifies what you expect the students to be able to do by the end of the lesson
defines what you intend to do to make that possible
keeps you focused on target.
acts as a record of what the class has done.

17. … Lesson Plan The Easy Way
WRITING LESSON PLANS
Components of a lesson plan:
Topic
Resources
Objectives
Methodology
Activity
Homework
What content should be taught
Motivational techniques to be used
Specific steps and activities for students
Needed material
Evaluation process

18. EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
…….are the learning outcomes of a lesson i.e. what the students should be able to know or do at the end of the lesson that they could not do at the beginning!
AIMS are for the Teacher
OBJECTIVES are for the Students

19. … EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
Specify the new skills that the students will gain as a result of the lesson
Focus on student’s (not teacher’s) attainment
Determine the degree or criterion for satisfactory attainment of the objectives.

20. … EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
Setting Objectives
What will the learner be able to:
Know (concept…cognitive)
Do (skill… psychomotor)
Feel (behavior, attitude, appreciation or ideas…affective)
Each defined objective is matched with:
Teaching Method
Learning Activities
Type of Assessment
Note: Relevance is the essential quality of the educational objectives

21. Activity # 2 :EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
Objectives should be SMART:
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic
Time bound
Write SMART Objectives for:
English & Urdu:
Comprehension
Creative writing
Grammar
Literature – summary , RTC.
Mathematics
Science
Social studies
Library

22. ROLE OF LEARNING MATERIALS
Defines Instructional Objectives
Sets Tasks to Attain Objectives
Informs Learners of Tasks they have to Perform
Provides Guidance and Practice
Provides Feedback on Retention of acquired Skills
Makes the teaching effective.
Supplies concrete basis for conceptual thinking.
Makes learning permanent

23. Teaching Materials / Resources
A. COURSE BOOKS
B. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS:
1. Teacher’s book
2. Work book
COURSE BOOKS:
1. Written by experienced and well qualified persons
2. Consistency Course Books
3. Real world vs artificial classroom situation
4. Time Management
5. Concrete evidence of progress and achievement

24. C. SUPPORTING MATERIAL:
1. Audio Materials 2. Visual materials
3. Audio-visual materials.
4. Multi media

25. Audio Visual Aids Supporting Materials
TEACHERS PUPILS ENVIRONMENT MANUFACTURED VISUAL AIDS
B/W BOARDS PICTURES FLASH REALIA *
CARDS
PICTURE WORD ADAPTABLE
FLASH CARDS FLASH CARDS FLASH CARDS

28. MODERN CLASS ROOM (MULTI-MEDIA)
POSTERS
COMPUTERS
CHARTS
OPAQUE
PROJECTORS
OVERHEAD PROJECTORS
TAPE RECORDERS
OTHER VISUAL MATERIALS
TELEVISION AND VIDEOS
LEARNER

29. WRITING LESSON PLANS
Methodology - Specify Timings of each of these steps: (40/80 minutes)
Settling time
Introduction
Previous Knowledge
Presentation – Brainstorming / Discussion / teacher’s Input
Practice (Students output) – CW. Oral / Written
Home Work
Assessment – Test / worksheets
Practice – guided or CW Assessment
HW unguided / unmonitored practice

30. METHOD Any teaching Item has three stages Presentation Practice
Production

31. Method
Presentation of the Items involves
Preparing class
making sure the concept is absolutely clear to student
giving the model example of the item
Practice the Teaching Item involves:
repetition/ drilling
Dialogue / discussion
Worksheets

32. …METHODS Production of the Teaching items: Involves: Role play
Games / dialogue etc
Practicing the item
Assessment

33. …WRITING LESSON PLANS
Activities: Daily – Life application of the concept
Type & nature of activities:
individual / group work
reading
project / art work / model making
role play
presentations
charts / maps
practical work etc.

34. ROLE OF ACTIVITIES source of motivation making learning interesting
decrease the anxiety of learner
concrete base for abstract learning
develop confidence (individually, group work)
develop creativity
flexible and friendly environment
provides students an approach towards learning
capture the attention and involve the students in learning situation

35. Activity
Explain the following components of lesson plans – Group Work:
Content
Prerequisites
Instructional Objective
Instructional Procedures
V . Materials and Equipment
VI. Assessment/Evaluation
VII. Follow-up Activities
Self-Assessment
As an example, below is a template that I have used successfully to teach students to write lesson plans:
I. Content: This is a statement that relates to the subject-matter content. The content may be a concept or a skill. Phrase this as follows: I want my students to: (be able to [name the skill]) OR (I want my students to understand [a description of the concept]).
II. Prerequisites: Indicate what the student must already know or be able to do in order to be successful with this lesson.
III. Instructional Objective: Indicate what is to be learned - this must be a complete objective. Write this objective in terms of what an individual student will do, not what a group will do.
IV. Instructional Procedures: Description of what you will do in teaching the lesson, and, as appropriate, includes a description of how you will introduce the lesson to the students, what actual instructional techniques you will use, and how you will bring closure to the lesson. Include what specific things students will actually do during the lesson. In most cases, you will provide some sort of summary for the students.
V. Materials and Equipment: List all materials and equipment to be used by both the teacher and learner and how they will be used..
VI. Assessment/Evaluation: Describe how you will determine the extent to which students have attained the instructional objective. Be sure this part is directly connected to the behavior called for in the instructional objective.
VII. Follow-up Activities: Indicate how other activities/materials will be used to reinforce and extend this lesson. Include homework, assignments, and projects.
VIII. Self-Assessment (to be completed after the lesson is presented): Address the major components of the lesson plan, focusing on both the strengths, and areas of needed improvement. Determine here how you plan to collect information that will be useful for planning future lessons. A good idea is to analyze the difference between what you wanted (the objective) and what was attained (the results of the assessment).

36. TUTOR’S INPUT Content:
This is a statement that relates to the subject-matter content. The content may be a concept or a skill. Phrase this as follows: I want my students to: (be able to [name the skill) OR (I want my students to understand a description of the concept).

37. …TUTOR’S INPUT II. Prerequisites:
Indicate what the student must already know or be able to do in order to be successful with this lesson.

38. …TUTOR’S INPUT III. Instructional Objective:
Indicate what is to be learned - this must be a complete objective. Write this objective in terms of what an individual student will do, not what a group will do.

39. …TUTOR’S INPUT IV. Instructional Procedures:
Description of what you will do in teaching the lesson, and, as appropriate, includes a description of how you will introduce the lesson to the students, what actual instructional techniques you will use, and how you will bring closure to the lesson. Include what specific things students will actually do during the lesson. In most cases, you will provide some sort of summary for the students.

40. …TUTOR’S INPUT
V. Materials and Equipment: List all materials and equipment to be used by both the teacher and learner and how they will be used.
VI. Assessment/Evaluation: Describe how you will determine the extent to which students have attained the instructional objective. Be sure this part is directly connected to the behavior called for in the instructional objective.

41. …TUTOR’S INPUT VII. Follow-up Activities:
Indicate how other activities/materials will be used to reinforce and extend this lesson. Include homework, assignments, and projects.

42. …TUTOR’S INPUT VIII. Self-Assessment
(to be completed after the lesson is presented):
Address the major components of the lesson plan, focusing on both the strengths, and areas of needed improvement. Determine here how you plan to collect information that will be useful for planning future lessons. A good idea is to analyze the difference between what you wanted (the objective) and what was attained (the results of the assessment).

43. Complete the Educational Circle 05 minutes
Activity
Complete the Educational Circle 05 minutes

44. Complete the educational circle

45. THE EDUCATIONAL CIRCLE
TUTORS INPUT:
THE EDUCATIONAL CIRCLE

46. Activity Instructions:
Topic: Preparing Lesson Planning (Maths, Science, Urdu, Social studies, English)
Duration of activity: 30 minutes
Materials required: Flip charts, chart paper, markers
Tell the participants that they will prepare lesson plans based upon what they have so far learned.
Divide the participants into groups. Every group will work on preparing lesson plans.
Allocate topics from the textbooks for each subject.

47. … Instructions
Allow the participants to prepare lesson plans as per their topics.
Each group presents their lesson.
Once the groups have made their presentations exchange the lesson plans between groups for analysis, comments and revision if required.
Invite groups to share their analysis and comments.
Repeat the above steps for each subject.

48. Aim: Before Planning a Lesson
Questions you need to ask are:
What are the inputs?
What is the output?
What do I expect the student to be able to do by the end of the time available?
What will I do in order to make that possible?
How will I break up the time into main stages?
What will be the main stages be linked?
What materials/aids will I need to achieve these aims?

49. … Activity Process Input Process Output
There are a number of questions you must answer in the creating the plan:
What are the inputs? This means you have the information (content description, student characteristics, list of materials, prerequisites, time estimates, etc.) necessary to begin the plan.
What is the output? This means a description of what the students are supposed to learn.
What do I do? This means a description of the instructional activities you will use.
What do the students do? This means a description of what the students will do during the lesson.
How will the learning be measured? This means a description of the assessment procedure at the end of the lesson.
Output

50. The following headings may assist you:
… Activity
Devise a 40/80 minute lesson based on the method PPP – don’t forget to set the objective
The following headings may assist you:
Components of a lesson plan
Topic
Objective
Resource
Methodology
Activities
Homework
Assessment
Evaluation (Self analysis – PPIR an MCF)
Connect this

51. … Activity: Preparing a lesson plan
Gallery Display
Feedback and discussion on lessons prepared

52. MEASUREMENT ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION IN EDUCATION
Who is going to Assess Me?

53. Weekly Evaluation Intrinsic feed back (self analysis) based on
How do I plan a lesson?
How do I follow a curriculum?
How can I become an excellent classroom manager?
How do I make the best use of the text book and other audio-visual aids?
What do I do when things go wrong?
How do I know if my lesson is successful? What is the evidence? under planned / over planned, realistic targets % of student achievement?

54. Self Evaluation Through Student’s output
Intrinsic feedback (self analysis)
Extrinsic feedback ( head /seniors)
Informal ( parents)
STUDENTS’ EVALUATION MUST BE BASED ON…

55. Six levels of Cognitive Domain
Student Evaluation : Bloom’s Taxonomy
Six levels of Cognitive Domain
Read book on page 28

56. Writing an Objective based Assessment
Whenever a teacher guides instruction toward a specific learning objective, it is safe to assume that there will be, at some appropriate point, an appraisal made to determine whether the students have met or achieved the intent of the objective

57. RULE OF THUMB
Be sure to provide students with the opportunity to practice what you will be assessing them on.

58. I cannot change the direction of the wind, I can adjust my wings to sail in its direction but ….

59. Touching Education
Thank You

60. Daily Lesson Plan Date/Day: 15th Jan 07-Mon Class/Sec: VI -Red
Period: 1st - 2nd (80 min) Subject :Eng-LangTopic :Comprehension
Objective: St.will be able to fully understand / comprehend the passage and be able to Ans.Q correctly.
Resources : Und.& Comm. Bk 1---Thirsty World pg-83,map of the world
Methodology : (2 min ) settling down / announcing of the day’s work.
(2 min ) Model reading .
(30 min) St. read.+pronun.+meanings+understanding key words HW
(5 min ) Ex. A 1 pg.84 meaning in context (On the Books)
Pg. 84……Ex B No.1,2,3 & 4
(10 min) B Choose the best ans.
(5 min) Read Q, & underline key words
(20 min) Pg. 85 ans. 3 any important Q.(Q. will not written in the copies )
(6 min) H.W & copy collection.

61. How it travels Understand about shadows
Daily Lesson Plan
Date/Day : 17th Jan 07-Wed. Class/Sec : VII-Blue
Period : 3rd ( 40 min ) Subject : Science Topic : Light
Objective: Student to understand light as a form of energy Its impact on our daily lives
How it travels Understand about shadows
Resources : Text bk 2 Expl.Sc pgs 155 to 159 ,Teachers guide A/V aids,charts,board.
Methodology : (5 min) Change over of teacher and settling down of St.
(5 min) Introduce light. Practical examples torch, switch on the light ,shut & open eyes
introduce 6 new topic related words with explanation (ref. syllabus)
(10 min) Conduct a simple experiment to show shadows, introduce luminous ,non- luminous objects explanation and examples from daily life. HW
Class can be taken outside if possible for practical observations .
Demonstration of opaque,transparent,translucent objects.
(15 min) Begin work from Work Book pg.28 interaction of class
(5 min ) Recap of lesson
Activities : St. to be divided into groups for Work Book activity

62. Daily Lesson Plan Date/Day:18th Jan 07- Thur Class/Sec : VII-Blue
Period: 5th (40 min) Subject :Geography Topic : Longitude and Latitude
Objective: St. to be able to identify lines of Long.& Lat.
To know how to locate any place on earth
Local / International Time
Resources :Text book I pgs 64-67, Teachers Guide,Globe,World Map, Charts, Board
Methodology :(3 min) Change over of teachers and settling down of SS
(3 min) Introduction of the new topic.
(18 min) Demonstration of the globe & wall map
Long.& Lat , equator , poles , tropics cancer & Capricorn.
GMT , International Date Line , Time Zone.
division of lines in degrees on map to show locations. special
ref.Pakistan , moon sighting , Jet Lag
explanation and oral feedback. HW
(16 min) Work Sheet –relevant work ..recap
Revise
Activities : (5 min ) use an orange / s to demonstrate to St. lines of
Long.& Lat.

63. Activity #8
In the light of lesson you have planned give a brief evaluation plan to assess student achievement and then evaluate your lesson plan.
Homework

64. THANK U