1. Blood and Circulation Ch 7 and 8 Circulatory System n Mechanism for moving blood n Blood the medium of transfer

2. Bio 130 Human Biology Blood Transports

3. Bio 130 Human Biology Components of blood n Plasma 55% q albumin, osmotic balance q globulins, immune and transport q fibrinogens, blood clotting q other dissolved substances n Blood cells 45%

4. Know the proportions, serum is 8% something else, know what?

5. Bio 130 Human Biology Blood functions n Transportation n Regulation n Defense n 4-6 liters depending on size roughly 8% of body mass

6. The Formed elements come from stem cells Fig 7.5

8. Bio 130 Human Biology Formed elements to know n Platelets n Leukocytes (WBC) q Neutrophils q Eosinophils q Basophils n Agranulocytes q Monocytes q Lymphocytes q Erythrocytes n Define Granulocyte n Define agranulocytes

10. leukocytotaxia

11. Bio 130 Human Biology Oxygen transport in the blood n Hemoglobin is the oxygen carrier n Oxygen released at low pH and low oxygen content and heat n Oxygen binding preferred with neutral pH, high oxygen content and cool conditions n Oxyhemoblobin is bright red n Only a little oxygen is carried in the serum

12. Bio 130 Human Biology Red Blood cell production n Erythropoietin made in the kidneys is a stimulus for stem cell division n Red blood cells live for 120 days n Red blood cells are produced in the marrow of hollow bones n Most parts of old blood cells are reused, bilirubin is excreted in the feces n Count: 5million per microliter

13. What type of regulation is this?

14. Bio 130 Human Biology The relation of blood to oxygen carrying capacity n Hematocrit: amount of blood volume taken up by cells n 43-49% males n 37-43% females n Anemia n Leukemia

15. Bio 130 Human Biology Blood typing n Surfaces of our cells identify us as “self” n ABO system n Rh system (ok only once) n Over 400 other antigens exist n See tutorial

16. Bio 130 Human Biology

18. Agglutinate

19. Bio 130 Human Biology Other problems with blood type n Hemolytic disease of the newborn

20. Bio 130 Human Biology

21. Hemostasis n Vascular spasms constrict blood vessels to reduce blood flow. n Platelets stick together to seal a ruptured vessel n Blood clot forms around the platelet plug

24. Bio 130 Human Biology Problems with blood n Hemophilia n Leukemia n Blood poisoning n Reduction of blood cell population n Increase of blood cell population

25. Bio 130 Human Biology Anemias or too little oxygen n Lack of RBC n lack of iron n lack of vitamin B 12 n congenital disorder

26. The Cardiovascular System Heart & Blood Vessels

27. Bio 130 Human Biology Cardiovascular system components n Blood q liquid medium of transport n Heart q pump that generates pressure n Blood vessels q distribution tubes of varying diameters

28. Things to know. Heart, Aorta, vena cava, pulmonary veins/arteries. Coronary arteries

29. Know the basic sequence of how the blood flows

30. Just like we went through the structure of the intestines, know the structure of veins and arteries

32. This is the same as figure 8.4 be able to describe this figure and explain what it is showing?

33. Bio 130 Human Biology Veins return blood from the capillaries to the heart n Consist of 3 layers like arteries but are much weaker n The lumens are larger n Blood flows slower n Have valves n Muscles help move blood through the veins

34. Bio 130 Human Biology Layers of a blood vessel n Endothelium- thin inner layer of epithelial n Thick middle layer of smooth muscle n Outermost layer of connective tissue provides strength n An aneurysm is a blowing outward of the artery wall

35. Bio 130 Human Biology Capillaries: n Where blood exchanges substances with tissue n Every living cell is near one capillary n Walls are a single layer of epithelial tissue n Substances move from a high to a low concentration n Cell wall is very porous n Liquid movement is very slow

37. Know the Hearts location and its relation with its neighbors. What does the pericardium do?

39. Bio 130 Human Biology Circulation routs n Pulmonary (right side) n Systemic (left side) n Be able to follow the flow of a drop of blood

40. Bio 130 Human Biology Another example of blood circulation

42. Bio 130 Human Biology Structure of the Heart n Cardiac muscle (myocardium) n pericardium: tough fibrous sack n endocardium: smooth lining of connective tissue n 2 halves q atrium q ventricle n Valves q AV q semilunar n coronary arteries q branch off the aorta and provide the heart with blood.

44. Bio 130 Human Biology Heartbeat: The cardiac cycle n Contraction: systole n Relaxation: Diastole n The heart sounds q lub closing of AV valves q dub closing of semilunar valves

45. Bio 130 Human Biology Same as fig 8.11

47. Bio 130 Human Biology Cardiac Conduction System Coordinates Contraction n SA node: cardiac pacemaker n AV node: relay impulse n AV bundle and Purkinje fibers: carry impulse to ventricles Figure 8.13

49. Bio 130 Human Biology Mechanisms of heart contraction n The cardiac conduction system is self excitatory n Sinoartial node is the cardiac pacemaker n Atrioventricular node stimulated by SA node n Purkinje fibers

50. Bio 130 Human Biology Other control (nervous) n Sympathetic q increase heart rate n Parasympathetic q decrease n Centers for nervous control lie in spinal cord and brain (medulla oblongata)

51. Bio 130 Human Biology

54. Arteries Transport Blood from Heart to body Tissues n The further from the heart the smaller the vessels n Largest aorta 2.5cm n Arterioles 0.3mm or less n Purpose q move blood q store fluid q maintain pressure

55. Bio 130 Human Biology

58. Control of capillary bed exchange n Precapillary sphincter n volume in the capillaries n Prevents blood flow to a certain capillary bed within an organ or tissue n While the individual diameter of a capillary is small, the thousands in the body represent a very large volume

59. Bio 130 Human Biology Arthrosclerosis n Build up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of arteries n Key factor in many cardiovascular diseases n Cholesterol n optimal below 200 n borderline 200-239 n high 240 or higher

60. The Lymphatic system

61. Bio 130 Human Biology The Lymphatic system n Fluids, vessels and tissues n Purpose q Return excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream q Transport products of fat digestion from the small intestine to the bloodstream q Help defend against disease causing organisms