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CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
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Chemical equations You are expected to know these names and formula: NameFormulaNameFormula WaterH2OH2OHydrchloric Acid HCl Carbon Dioxide CO 2 Sulfuric AcidH 2 SO 4 Sulfur DioxideSO 2 Nitric AcidHNO 3 Sulfur TrioxideSO 3 Ethanoic AcidCH 3 COOH Nitrogen Dioxide NO 2 AmmoniaNH 4
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Chemical Equations All are written in this structure: Reactants Products (Starting materials)(what is produced)
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Writing chemical equations 1. Identify the reactants and products by looking at information or observing the reaction carefully.
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Writing chemical equations 1. Identify the reactants and products by looking at information or observing the reaction carefully. 2. Write a word equation. In word equations, the reactants and products are named.
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Writing chemical equations 1. Identify the reactants and products by looking at information or observing the reaction carefully. 2. Write a word equation. In word equations, the reactants and products are named. 3. Decide on the symbols and formulae for the reactants and products and write a chemical equation with these symbols and formulae.
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Writing chemical equations 1. Identify the reactants and products by looking at information or observing the reaction carefully. 2. Write a word equation. In word equations, the reactants and products are named. 3. Decide on the symbols and formulae for the reactants and products and write a chemical equation with these symbols and formulae. 4. Balance the equation if necessary.
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Example Magnesium and oxygen Word equation:
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Example Magnesium and oxygen Word equation: magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide Symbol equation:
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Example Magnesium and oxygen Word equation: magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide Symbol equation: Mg + O 2 MgO
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Example Magnesium and oxygen Word equation: magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide Symbol equation: Mg + O2 MgO Balanced:
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Example Magnesium and oxygen Word equation: magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide Symbol equation: Mg + O 2 MgO Balanced: 2Mg + O 2 2MgO
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Activity 1. Write down how many of each type of atom are present: a) H 2 b) CO 2 c) N 2 d) CH 4 e) SO 2 f) Al 2 O 3 g) C 3 H 8
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Activity cont… h) CuSO 4 i) NO j) Fe 2 O 3 k) Cu(OH) 2 l) (NH 4 )2SO 4
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Remember! Capital letters on their own represent elements.
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Remember! Capital letters on their own represent elements. Eg – CHO means 1 Carbon, 1 Hydrogen, & 1 Oxygen.
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Remember! Capital letters on their own represent elements. Eg – CHO means 1 Carbon, 1 Hydrogen, & 1 Oxygen. Little numbers AFTER the letter mean that the element previous, has that amount. Eg – Cl 2 means 2 lots of Cl.
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Remember! Capital letters on their own represent elements. Eg – CHO means 1 Carbon, 1 Hydrogen, & 1 Oxygen. Little numbers AFTER the letter mean that the element previous, has that amount. Eg – Cl 2 means 2 lots of Cl. Big numbers in front of the compound mean you multiply the elements by it. Eg – 2NH 4 = 2 N, 8H
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Remember! Capital letters on their own represent elements. Eg – CHO means 1 Carbon, 1 Hydrogen, & 1 Oxygen. Little numbers AFTER the letter mean that the element previous, has that amount. Eg – Cl 2 means 2 lots of Cl. Big numbers in front of the compound mean you multiply the elements by it. Eg – 2NH 4 = 2 N, 8H Brackets are used the same way as maths. If there is a little number outside the bracket, you multiply whatever is inside the bracket. Eg -
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Remember! Capital letters on their own represent elements. Eg – CHO means 1 Carbon, 1 Hydrogen, & 1 Oxygen. Little numbers AFTER the letter mean that the element previous, has that amount. Eg – Cl 2 means 2 lots of Cl. Big numbers in front of the compound mean you multiply the elements by it. Eg – 2NH 4 = 2 N, 8H Brackets are used the same way as maths. If there is a little number outside the bracket, you multiply whatever is inside the bracket. Eg – (NH 4 ) 3 means 3N, 12H
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Answers a) 2 H b) 1 C, 2 O c) 2 N d) 1 C, 4 H e) 1 S, 2 O f) 2 Al, 3 O g) 3 C, 8 H h) 1 Cu, 1 S, 4 O i) 1 N, 1 O j) 2 Fe, 3 O k) 1 Cu, 2 O, 2 H l) 2 N, 8 H, S, 8 O
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Activity 2. Write down the total number of atoms present in these: a) 2NO 2 b) 3H 2 O c) 4NH 3 d) S8 e) 2Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 f) 2CaCO 3
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g) 5C 4 H 10 h) 2CH 3 OH i) 2C 6 H 12 O 6 j) 4MgCl 2 k) 4Na 2 CO 3 l) 2H 2 SO 4
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Answers a) 6 (2N, 4O) b) 9 (6H, 3O) c) 16 (4N, 12H) d) 8 (8S) e) 26 (6Ca, 4P, 16O) f) 10 (2Ca, 2C, 6O) g) 70 (20C, 50H) h) 12 (2C, 8H, 2O) i) 48 (12C, 24H, 12O) j) 12 (4Mg, 8Cl) k) 24 (8Na, 4C, 12O) l) 14 (4H, 2S, 8O)
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Balance these a) C + H 2 O CO + H 2 b) Mg + O 2 MgO c) CH 4 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O d) CuO + H 2 Cu + H 2 O e) C 2 H 6 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O f) Mg + H 2 O Mg(OH) 2 + H 2 g) Fe 2 O 3 + CO Fe + CO 2 h) Fe + Cl 2 FeCl 3
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Answers a) C + H 2 O CO + H 2 b) 2Mg + O 2 2MgO c) CH 4 + 2O 2 CO 2 + 2H 2 O d) CuO + H 2 Cu + H 2 O e) 2C 2 H 6 + 7O 2 4CO 2 + 6H 2 O f) Mg + 2H 2 O Mg(OH) 2 + H 2 g) Fe 2 O 3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3 CO 2 h) 2Fe + 3Cl 2 2FeCl 3
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