1. Banking Today Presented by Stacy Cox
Banking Basics

2. Objectives Describe the purpose of a bank
Compare and contrast different types of banks
Explain the effect technology has had on modern banking

3. What Is A Bank? A bank is a type of financial institution
A financial institution is any organization that provides services related to money

4. Services Provided by Banks
Deposits
Savings accounts
Checking accounts
Money Market accounts
Certificates of deposit
Retirement accounts
Loans
Car loans
Home loans
Student loans
Business loans
Credit cards
Other Services
Insurance
Investments
Trust services
Safe deposit boxes
Money transfers

5. What Is A Bank?
Banks are organizations that handle money but also includes:
Protecting money
Lending money
Issuing money
Sending money from one place to another
Keeping track of money
Helping customers get more money
Helping businesses find money

6. What Is A Bank?
Banks handle money and most make money…for profit banks are expected to make a profit for their owners (individuals, groups, or stockholders)
Lending money at a higher interest rate than they pay depositors
Providing services such as safe deposit boxes
Charging fees of various kinds

7. What Is A Bank?
Banks are highly regulated by local, state, federal and international agencies
To open a bank you have to have a document called a charter…details how the bank will be operated and regulated
Charters are issued by state and federal governments

8. What Is A Bank? What makes a bank a bank?
They are depository institutions…customers give money to it (deposit) and then come back for their money later (withdrawal)
No bank keeps 100% of it’s deposits, but must keep reserves on hand…a percentage of a bank’s funds that must be held separately to ensure that the money will be available when customers want to withdrawal
Banks lend money that customers deposit
Charge interest to the borrower
Pay interest to the depositor

9. What Is A Bank?
Credit union cooperatives and savings associates are not-for-profit depository institutions
Offer similar services as banks but instead of making a profit for it’s owners, they return the profits to members in the form of lower rates and fees

10. Types of Banks Retail banks – provide services for customers
Deposit accounts, mortgage, auto, and personal loans as well as credit cards
Internet banks – type of retail bank that has no physical location or building
Customers have access from anywhere and sometimes these banks pay higher rates on deposits because they do not have the expense of maintaining physical locations

11. Types of Banks
Commercial bank – focuses on business customers, providing bank accounts and specialized services such as foreign exchange, investment services, and capital loans
May have limited personal checking and savings accounts
Money center banks – very large, often international banks whose primary customers are businesses, other banks, and governments

12. Types of Banks
After the stock market crash in regulations stated that banks were prohibited from providing investment services and banks…had to choose one or the other and so Investment banks were created
Help companies prepare to become publicly traded companies
After 1999, banks were allowed to provide both kinds of services

13. Types of Banks
Governments establish central banks to help stabilize a country’s money system
In 1919 the Federal Reserve System was established
A central bank, which is part of the Federal Reserve System, oversees a country’s banking system
Central banks lend money when commercial banks are not able, regulate banks, and control the money supply

14. Who Owns the Bank?
In some countries, when owned by the government it is called nationalization
In the US banks are owned by corporations or individuals, but federal and state regulations have an effect on a bank’s operations

15. Where Do Banks Operate?
May be classified by how large of an area in which they operate
Unit banks – bank with one location; found in small towns or rural areas
Regional banks or interstate banks – banks that branch across a state or a few states in the same region
Specialize in retail banking and do not operate internationally
National banks – have offices across the country
Bank of America and Wells Fargo are examples

16. Technology’s Transformation of Banking
You can now do banking at a machine, from your computer, or even your mobile phone
Automated teller machines (ATMs) – provide a means for self service banking
Most banks do not charge a fee for their customers but they do impose a fee for those who are customers of another bank…another source of income for banks
ATMs can be owned by a bank or private company

17. Banking Functions Available Through an ATM
Making Cash Withdrawals
Original purpose of the ATM
Amount of withdrawals per day is limited
Most popular ATM service
Checking Account Balances
View a balance even when the bank is not open
Making Deposits
Check or cash can be deposited
Checks and currency are scanned by the ATM
Funds deposited through ATMS may not be immediately available

18. Online Banking
Online banking – also known as home banking, allows customers to conduct financial transaction on a secure website
Most banks offer some form of online banking
Two types of online banking programs—transactional and non-transactional

19. Online Banking
Transactional online banking allows customers to perform common functions
Transferring funds
Paying bills
Applying for loans
Purchasing or selling securities
Peer-to-peer payments (P2P) – immediate money transfer from one person to another…all you have to know is their or cell phone number to send a virtual check
PayPal is an example

20. Online Banking
Non-transactional online banking is the ability to review information rather than make a transaction
Viewing checking account balances
Viewing recent transactions
Downloading bank statements
Seeing and printing images of paid checks

21. Mobile Phone Deposit Apps
Mobile Banking
Use the camera on a Smartphone to take a picture of the front and back of a check
Receive deposit confirmation
Mobile Phone Deposit Apps
Use text messaging to find out the balance
Set up automatic text alerts
Text Banking
Pay bills
Bill Payments
Find the nearest ATM or banking center
ATM Locators
Make an instant payment to someone
P2P payments
Make a purchase by waving a Smartphone at a specialty equipped device; the payment is taken directly from the bank account…like a debit card
In-store payments

22. Banks and the Economy Presented by Stacy Cox
Banking basics

23. Objectives Describe the economic functions of banks
Explain a bank’s safekeeping function
Explain how credit is essential to a country’s economy
Define the bank’s role as a financial intermediary
Discuss why fast and certain access to funds are keys to a banking system.

24. Economic Functions of Banks
With the help of technology, banks are able to offer a variety of services:
Safekeeping services that protect our money
Deposit services that let our money grow
Loan services that allow us to borrow money
Allows borrowers, savers, buyers, and sellers to be able to successfully transact their business
Financial transactions are essential to economic growth
Banking expands the economy, provides jobs, income, investment returns, and tax revenues

25. Keeping Money Safe
Our economy functions efficiently because our banking system give us the confidence that our money is safe
Where do you keep your money? Wallet, backpack, or bedroom…but the bulk is probably kept in a bank because we want that security
Banks provide physical security and federal deposit insurance protects our money in the event of a bank failure

26. Keeping Money Safe
We rely on banks to keep accurate records of our accounts…trail of business transactions
Most of our transactions occur not with actual currency but through checks, ATMs, and debit cards (also known as a check card, allows bank customers to withdraw cash to pay for goods and services in stores or online)

27. Keeping Money Safe Banks are physically safe…
Surveillance equipment and security systems
Nearly indestructible vaults with alarm systems and antitheft devices
Teller windows have bulletproof glass and other safety features
Protection against internal theft as well…
Tellers and other employees must go through background checks
Daily checks on cash drawers and vaults, as well as audits and internal controls

28. Keeping Money Safe If a robbery does occur…
Banks are protected by insurance they purchase called banker’s blanket bond (protects against robberies or employee theft)
In the case of bank failure…
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insures each depositor up to $250,000

29. Extending Credit Banks are the major lenders in our economy
Car or house loan
Businesses borrow to purchase materials or equipment or expand their markets
Interest from loans is the main source of revenue for most banks
Without banks extending credit, borrowers suffer, as well as the economy

30. Loan Cycle Bank uses deposits to make a car loan to customer
Customer uses loan to buy car from car dealer
Car dealer pays car salesman after sale of car
Car salesman buys new TV with the money received
TV store deposits money into bank account

31. Financial Intermediary
A major function of a bank is to act as a financial intermediary…an institution that acts as a go-between in financial transactions
Financial intermediary facilitates transactions between the savers and borrows
Example: savers need a place to put their savings…banks can meet that need while borrowers need someone to lend them money. Banks use money from the savers to loan to the borrowers. Banks accept the risk of the loan not being repaid

32. Transferring Funds
Our economy is fast-paced…without the transfer and payment systems provided by banks, our economy would slow down to a crawl
Electronic funds transfer (EFT) is the electronic exchange of money from one account to another through computer-based systems…debit cards and ATMs

33. Transferring Funds
Automated clearinghouses (ACHs) are electronic networks for financial transactions
ACHs process credit and debit transactions and transfer funds from bank to bank.
There are several ACHs in the US, with the Federal Reserve Bank being the largest, handling about 60% of the ACH transactions