1. Past simple, past progressive and past perfect.
Its uses and contrasts.

2. Past Simple
Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.
Examples: - I worked for “Techo para Chile” last year.
- She did not study for the test.
- Did you go to Barcelona two years ago?

3. Past simple in use
We use past simple affirmative in the following way:
Subject + Verb in the past + complement
(regular/irregular)
-Regular verbs: Verbs in the past that are used in the same way, specifically, they have the same ending ED. Example. Played
-Irregular verbs: Verbs in the past that do not have an specific form or ending in common, they are different and independent. Example. Write/Written.

4. Past simple in use •Negative form:
Subject + did not + verb in present+ complement
Example.
I did not forget your gift.
•Interrogative form:
Did + subject + verb in present + complement
Did you make bread yesterday?

5. Past progressive
Past progressive is used to express an action that was happening in the past, that means it lasted for a while or that the subject was performing the action at some point in the past. Also the action may happened while something else was happening at the same time.
Examples: -I was thinking about that girl.
-He was working in a coffe shop.
-They were studying for the test.

6. Past progressive in use
How to use it:
Subjects: I He
She It
WAS
You We
They
WERE
Verb + ing

7. Past progressive in use
We use past progressive affirmative in the following way:
Subject + was/were + verb ING + complement
I was going to the stadium.
You were reading an interesting book.
She was not flying on a plane.

8. Past progressive in use
We use past progressive negative in the following way:
Subject + was/were + not + verb ING + complement
She was not flying on a plane.

9. Past progressive in use
We use past simple interrogative in the following way:
WAS/Were + subject + verb ing + complement
Was I going to the stadium?
Were you reading an interesting book?
Was she flying on a plane?

10. Past perfect
We use past perfect to express that something happened in the past before the past. In simple terms past perfect is an action that happened before something else in the past in a correlative order.
Examples:
-She had broken the window before you played football.
-I had read the book before I wrote a sum up.
-We used the pencil after you had written your paper.

11. Past perfect in use
We use past perfect affirmative in the following way:
Subject + had + verb (past participle)+ complement
-Alternative 1: Subject + had+ verb(past participle)+ complement+ preposition of time + subject + past simple + complement
-Alternative 2: Subject + verb (past simple)+ complement+ preposition of time+ subject+ had+ verb(past participle)+ complement.

12. Past perfect in use Example : I had played football before.
-Example alternative 1 :
She had done the homework before she read the book.
-Example alternative 2 :
We ran to the beach after the tsunami had hit.

13. Past perfect in use We use past perfect negative in the following way:
Subject + had + not+ verb (past participle)+ complement
I had not prepared lunch before you cooked.
-We use past perfect interrogative in the following way:
Had + subject+ verb(past participle)+ complement ?
Had you played football before she played basketball?

14. Time line Contrast between them Continues in time Past Past perfect
Past progressive
Past simple
Time line
Past
Past perfect
Past progressive
Present
Continues in time

15. Exercises
Complete the story in the next slide using the past simple, past perfect, or past continuous of the verbs in brackets.

16. Story
It 1 (be) Tuesday evening and I 2(get) ready to go to bed when the phone 3(ring). To my surprise it 4(be) my friend Peter. He 5(call) from his mobile and he was very annoyed because he 6(lose) his keys and he 7(cannot) get into his flat. He 8(think) he 9(leave) them at work but now it was midnight and the office was closed so he 10(cannot) get in to check. Luckily I had the keys to his flat because a month before he 11(give) me a spare set so that I could look after his cat while he was on holiday. When he finally 12(arrive) to pick them up, it was three o'clock in the morning, and I 13(lie) on the sofa fast asleep.

17. The end