2. XVI.The Book of Romans A.Introduction 1.Paul, a Roman citizen, wrote the book of Romans to comprehensively explain God’s justice.

3. 2.Paul’s purpose in writing Romans was probably to express his desire to visit them some day (Romans 1:8-13, 15:23-29). In the process of writing, he gave the single greatest, organized summary of the Christian faith found on the planet.

4. 3.An easy division of the book of Romans a.Romans 1-5 – God’s justice in salvation b.Romans 6-8 – God’s provision for sanctification c.Romans 9-11 – God’s plan for Israel d.Romans 12-16 – The believer's spiritual service of worship

5. B.Romans 1-5 – God’s justice in salvation 1.Romans 1:1-17 – In his introduction, Paul described the focus of the Gospel, Jesus. 2.Romans 1:18-32 – Paul described the horrendous results of rejecting God. a.Romans 1:18-20 – Every unbeliever knows that God exists but suppresses that understanding by refusing to acknowledge His invisible attributes, His eternal power, and His divine nature.

6. Creation Romans 1:18-20 Eternity in the heart Ecclesiastes 3:11 God exists

7. Creation Romans 1:18-20 Eternity in the heart Ecclesiastes 3:11 G o d e x i s t s OFF

8. b.Romans 1:21-23 – Rejection of God results in idolatry, which is the worship of the creature rather than the Creator. c.Romans 1:24-32 – In judgment, God gives immoral idolaters over to their depraved desires.

9. 3.Romans 2:1-16 – God judges without partiality. Everyone is without excuse before Him. Though God is patient with man because He wants everyone to believe in His Son as Savior, He is storing His wrath for all who reject Him. 4.Romans 2:17-3:8 – The Jews hypocritically claimed that they kept the Law, an impossibility; even so, keeping the Law or fulfilling rituals could not justify them before God.

10. 5.Romans 3:9-20 – Paul gave the bad news: We are all accountable to God and guilty before Him; we cannot earn our salvation by works of any kind. 6.Romans 3:21-31 – Paul gave the good news: God's perfect righteousness comes to us simply and solely through faith alone in Christ alone.

11. 7.Romans 4:1-25 – Paul used Abraham, whom God credited with righteousness before he was circumcised, to illustrate that justification is by faith, not by the works of the Law. 8.Romans 5:1-11 – The benefits of believing the Gospel include peace with God, confidence in His glory, grace for standing firm, strength in trials, joy in tribulations, and an understanding of the depth of His love for us.

12. 9.Romans 5:12-21 – Every person is found in one of two positions before God, separated from God in Adam or united with God in Christ.

13. God sees every member of the human race as being OR In Adam In Christ Romans 5:18-19

14. Positionally unacceptable Positionally acceptable In Adam In Christ God sees every member of the human race as being Romans 5:12 Romans 8:1 Romans 5:8 Romans 4:26 Faith

15. New Creature in Christ Positionally acceptable Experientially carnal In Christ 2 Cor. 5:17 Col. 2:9-12 Rom. 6:1-9 Gal. 5:17 Rom. 8:6-8 1 Cor. 3:1-3

16. New Creature in Christ In Christ Positionally acceptable Experientially spiritual 2 Cor. 5:17 Col. 2:9-12 Rom. 6:1-9 Gal. 5:16 Rom. 8:12-13 Col. 3:15-16

17. New Creature in Christ Romans 6:11-14 Galatians 2:20 I have been Crucified with Christ Colossians 3:1-4 In Christ I no longer live, Christ lives in me The life I live, I live by faith in the Son of God

18. C.Romans 6-8 – God’s provision for sanctification 1.Romans 6:1-14 – Our identification in the crucified Christ frees us from the sin nature’s tyranny and gives us the freedom to present ourselves to Him in service.

19. 2.Romans 6:15-23 – Paul knew that believers become slaves to whomever they present themselves; therefore, he explained that experiential sanctification results from presenting ourselves as slaves to God for righteousness thanks to our identification with Christ in His death and resurrection. Otherwise, we are slaves to the sin nature.

20. 3.Romans 7:1-25 – Believers are free from the Law because the Law's major purpose was to show us our sinfulness so we would recognize our need for a Savior. Believers who try to live by the Law find themselves entrapped by the sin nature.

21. 4.Romans 8:1-17 – A believer can choose to live according the flesh, but he will experience temporal (experiential) death. Or he can choose to live according to the Spirit and enjoy peace and the power to live righteously.

22. The different walks produce different fruit. Sphere of Light Sphere of Darkness

23. 5.Romans 8:18-39 – Because a believer has victory in Christ, he can endure suffering with joy, assured that his future glory is far greater than any present suffering.

24. D.Romans 9-11 – God’s plan for Israel 1.Romans 9:1-5 – Old Testament Israelites were uniquely blessed by God’s grace through covenants, promises, and the assurance that the Christ (Messiah) would come through them.

25. 2.Romans 9:6-13 – A Jew’s physical descent from Abraham did not insure that he belonged to God spiritually. God’s elective choice of Jacob’s seed to carry out the plan for Messiah was based on His promise to Abraham, not on Jacob’s personal merit.

26. 3.Romans 9:14-24 – Pharaoh is an object lesson of someone who chose to persistently reject God and, therefore, suffer the consequences eternally. 2 Peter 3:9

27. Scripture Word Tense Agent Hardened Heart Worksheet Exodus 4:21CHAZAQPiel Imperfect 1CSGod (prophecy) Exodus 7:3QASHAHHiphil Imperfect 1CSGod (prophecy) Exodus 7:13CHAZAQQal Imperfect 3MSPharaoh Exodus 7:22CHAZAQQal Imperfect 3MSPharaoh Exodus 8:15KAVEDHiphil InfinitivePharaoh Exodus 8:19CHAZAQQal Imperfect 3MSPharaoh Exodus 8:32KAVEDHiphil Imperfect 3MSPharaoh Exodus 9:7KAVEDQal Imperfect 3MSPharaoh Exodus 9:12CHAZAQPiel Imperfect 3MSGod (first time) Exodus 9:34KAVEDHiphil Imperfect 3MSPharaoh & servants Exodus 9:35CHAZAQQal Imperfect 3MSPharaoh Exodus 10:1KAVEDHiphil Perfect 1CSGod Exodus 10:20CHAZAQPiel Imperfect 3MSGod Exodus 10:27CHAZAQPiel Imperfect 3MSGod Exodus 11:10CHAZAQPiel Imperfect 3MSGod Exodus 14:4CHAZAQPiel Perfect 1CSGod (prophecy) Exodus 14:8CHAZAQPiel Perfect 3MSGod

28. 4. Romans 9:25-33 – The Hebrew Scriptures prophesied mercy to the Gentiles and a believing Jewish remnant and massive stumbling for the nation of Israel.

29. a.Romans 9 ended with the fact that Israel failed to attain righteousness because she did not seek it by faith. They trusted in their own efforts. b.Romans 10 expanded Romans 9:30-33, explaining that Israel failed to approach God by faith. Salvation is only through Christ.

30. 5.Romans 10:1-5 – Israel’s problem was that she sought righteousness through the wrong means, the Law, works, or human effort. Christ, the Righteous One, fulfilled the Law by dying to pay the penalty of sin required by the Law. 6.Romans 10:6-13 – God’s salvation solution was not based on fulfilling the commands of the Law, which are impossible to fulfill.

31. a.Salvation is based on faith in the merits of Christ’s death and resurrection as represented in His name. Believing in His name equals trusting in who He is (the LORD) and what He did (He died for our sins and rose again on the third day). b.God invited the Jews to place their faith in Christ to be saved, rather than in their works.

32. 7.Romans 10:14-21 – God's disciples had taken His message of salvation by faith in the death and resurrection of Messiah throughout the Mediterranean world. Many Gentiles had believed the message, but many Jews had rejected it. 8.Romans 11:1-12 – God’s rejection of Israel is not permanent. He has set Israel aside only temporarily. In the Millennium, Israel will rule with Christ. Deuteronomy 30:1-8

33. 9.Romans 11:13-25 – Paul warned Gentiles not to look down on Jews who rejected God's message of salvation through Christ, reminding them that Israel’s temporary setting aside had brought Gentiles great spiritual blessing through Christ. He also reminded them that the times of the Gentiles will end, and God will resume His work with Israel.

34. 10.Romans 11:26-32 – Repentant Israel, a remnant, will one day be saved as a nation through personal faith in the one and only Deliverer (Messiah). 11.Romans 11:33-36 – Paul concluded this section with a marvelous tribute to the wisdom and resources of Creator/God, reminding us that we can never fully fathom His ways.

35. Israel formed Theocracy Monarchy Kings of Israel Moses Joshua Patriarchs Moses Returns Ezra Nehemiah Church Kingdom Exile Abrahamic Covenant Genesis 12 Land Covenant Deuteronomy 30 Davidic Covenant 2 Samuel 7 New Covenant Jeremiah 31 Mosaic Covenant Exodus 20 Promises Made Promises Fulfilled New Testament God’s Covenant Program for Israel

36. E.Romans 12-16 – The believer's spiritual service of worship 1.Romans 12:1-13 – We can perform sacrificial service for other believers when we present our bodies as living sacrifices to God. In light of the perfect mercy given us (sinners) by perfect God, we should not think of ourselves as better than any other believer but instead love and serve each other without partiality.

37. 2.Romans 12:14-21 – God commands us to live at peace with all men, repaying evil with good and remembering that vengeance belongs to Him, not to us. 3.Romans 13:1-7 – God commands believers to submit to governing authorities, remembering that He has given each ruler his authority and power.

38. 4.Romans 13:8-14 – Believers are reminded to not engage in the sinful practices of those around them but to love all their neighbors by putting on the Lord Jesus Christ (their new identity in Him) and by remembering that they are dead to the world system of thinking and sinning.

39. 5.Romans 14:1-10 – A mature believer has responsibilities toward weaker believers. He must not judge their immature opinions but allow God to transform their thinking through the power of His Word and the Holy Spirit. Before we judge one another, we should remember that one day we will all stand before God to be judged ourselves.

40. 6.Romans 14:11-23 – A believer becomes a stumbling block when he forces other believers to act against their consciences. Instead, God calls us to make peace with one another (other believers) and to build each other up.

41. 7.Romans 15:1-13 – Stronger believers should help the spiritually weak by treating them in grace because they, too, were once weak. When we walk under the power of the Holy Spirit, our increasing knowledge of God’s Word increases our spiritual strength.

42. 8.Romans 15:14-33 – Paul wrote to the Romans because he desired to go visit them in Rome. 9.Romans 16:1-16 – Paul sent special greetings to believers in the church in Rome. 10.Romans 16:17-20 – Paul warned against false teachers who divide a church and admonished the Romans to discern the truth of every word spoken to them. 11.Romans 16:21-27 – Paul said farewell and pronounced a blessing.

43. F.Key Observations 1.The moment we believe in Jesus Christ, we are justified by God and positionally sanctified by being placed into union with Christ; therefore, we can never lose our salvation. Romans 4:24, 5:9

44. 2.We enjoy practical, daily sanctification when by faith we rely on our death to sin and resurrection with Christ and present the members of our bodies as instruments of righteousness unto Him. Romans 6:13, 12:1

45. 3.Every one of God’s children is guaranteed to be fully glorified in the future. Romans 7:24, 8:23 4.While awaiting our glorification, we must walk by the Spirit, not by the flesh, (Romans 8:12-13) so that we will be able to impartially love and serve our fellow brothers and sisters in Christ and live correctly in this godless world. Romans 12:1- 2