© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1 Connecting to the Internet Through an ISP Networking for Home and Small.

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 2 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Objectives  Explain “what is the Internet?” and how we connect to the Internet using an Internet Service Provider (ISP).  Explain how information is sent across the Internet through an ISP.  Describe and identify the components of an ISP Network Operations Center.  Identify the different types of cables and connectors for connecting the devices in a Network Operations Center.  Construct and terminate twisted pair cables and determine type of cable needed

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 3 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 4.1.1 Explain What the Internet Is  The Internet is a network of networks that connects users in every country in the world.  Users are connected to ISPs  ISPs are connected to other ISPs

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 4 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 4.1.2 Internet Service Providers (ISPs)  Internet Service Providers Give users access to internet resources Allow organizations and individuals to publish information on the internet

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 5 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 4.1.3 The ISPs Relationship With the Internet  ISPs use a POP to provide service to end users  There are many POPs in an ISPs network

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 6 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 4.1.4 Options for Connecting to the ISP  Identify and describe the different connection options that ISPs can provide

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 7 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 4.1.4 Options for Connecting to the ISP  Dialup (56 Kb Modem)  Cable  Digital Subscriber Line  Leased Line (T-1)  Satellite  Cell Modem (Air Card)

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 8 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 4.1.5 ISP Levels of Services  Various services are available (see graphic)  Most ISPs offer two different contract levels: home service or business class service.  Asymmetric Different upload and download speeds Used for home  Symmetric Same upload and download speeds Used for business

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 9 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 4.2.1 Importance of the Internet Protocol (IP)  Must run Internet Protocol (IP) software to communicate on Internet  IP protocol is one of the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) Protocols  As Ethernet uses Frames, IP uses Packets  Each IP packet must contain a valid source and destination IP address.

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 10 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 4.2.1 Importance of the Internet Protocol (IP)  The IP Packet (datagram) Has a header which contains the source and destination IP addresses IP addresses must be unique on the Internet. Computers in homes, small businesses and other organizations obtain their IP configuration from their ISP.

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 11 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 4.2.2 How ISPs Handle Packets  Messages are divided into packets – size between 64 to 1500 bytes for Ethernet  Downloading a single 1 MB song would require over 600 packets of 1500 bytes.  Each individual packet must have a source and destination IP address.  Packets or datagrams contain IP address and control information  IP addresses are granted to ISPs from a regional Internet registry (RIR)  RIR North America: ARIN (http://www.arin.net)http://www.arin.net  Internet Assigned Numbers Authority: responsible for IP addressing  Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers: responsible for names and IP addressing

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 12 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 4.2.2 How ISPs Handle Packets  NOC controls the flow of traffic  Sends traffic to remote networks if necessary  Contains services: e-mail, web

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 13 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public  ping - tests end-to-end connectivity between source and destination  traceroute - traces the route from source to destination, displays each router and 3 Round Trip Times (RTT)  Packets are sent from router to router until they reach their destination  PACKET TRACER 4.2.3.2 4.2.3 Forwarding Packets Across the Internet

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 21 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is the most commonly encountered type of network cable in North America to connect hosts, workstations, and other networking devices

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 22 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 4.4.3 Coaxial Cable  Provides improved shielding compared to UTP, so has a lower signal-to-noise ratio  More difficult to install

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 23 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public  Provides improved shielding compared to UTP, so has a lower signal-to-noise ratio and can therefore carry more data  Used in enterprise environments and large data centers 4.4.4 Fiber Optic Cables

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 32 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 4.5.5 Cable Testing  Attenuation - commonly referred to as insertion loss, is a general term that refers to the reduction in the strength of a signal  Crosstalk is the leakage of signals between pairs near the transmitting end - NEXT measured at the receiving end of the cable – FEXT

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 33 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 4.5.6 Cabling Best Practices  Label the cables on both ends  Use cable ties to dress cables  Use consistent cable coloring (red for crossover, blue for windows network, grey for linux network, etc)  Test ALL cables before installing in a production network  Install cable away from EMI  Follow cable standards

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 34 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public  The following steps, called best practices, ensure that cable termination is successful.  1. It is important that the type of cables and components used on a network adhere to the standards required for that network. Modern converged networks carry voice, video and data traffic on the same wires; therefore the cables used on converged networks must be able to support all these applications.  2. Cable standards specify maximum lengths for different types of cables. Always adhere to the length restrictions for the type of cable being installed.  3. UTP, like all copper cable, is susceptible to EMI. It is important to install cable away from sources of interference such as high- voltage cables and fluorescent lighting. Televisions, computer monitors and microwaves are other possible sources of interference. In some environments it may be necessary to install data cables in conduit to protect them from EMI and RFI.

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 35 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public  The following steps, called best practices, ensure that cable termination is successful.  4. Improper termination and the use of low quality cables and connectors can degrade the signal carrying capacity of the cable. Always follow the rules for cable termination and test to verify that the termination has been done properly.  5. Test all cable installations to ensure proper connectivity and operation.  6. Label all cables as they are installed, and record the location of cables in network documentation.

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 42 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Summary  The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks, accessed through ISPs.  Internet Protocol (IP) controls the structure and addressing of data packets for transport through the Internet cloud.  ISP Network Operations Centers (NOCs) utilize high-end, high- speed devices with redundancy.  Home networks feature multi-function devices which perform switching and routing.  Networks use physical cabling media which must conform to standards in construction and termination.  Cabling best practices are designed to reduce attenuation and crosstalk.

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1 Connecting to the Internet Through an ISP Networking for Home and Small.

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© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1 Connecting to the Internet Through an ISP Networking for Home and Small.

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Presentation on theme: "© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1 Connecting to the Internet Through an ISP Networking for Home and Small."— Presentation transcript:

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