1. Stem Cell Biology Basics Nozad H. Stem cell workshop Stem cell Research center Tabriz medical university In The Name of God

2. Stem Cell Characteristics 1.‘Blank cells’ (unspecialized) 2.Capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods of time (proliferation and self renewal) 3. Have the potential to give rise to specialized cell types (differentiation) 4. Plasticity and Cell based therapies 5. Very low percentage available(0.01-0.03%)

3. Basement membrane Extracellular matrix and Cytokines Cell-cell interactions

4. Niche, Selfrenew and Diffrentation relationship

5. Stem cell Self renew and Diffrentation pasibility Nature 441, 1068-1074(29 June 2006) Stem cell division regulated by factors that control the probability of self-renewing versus differentiative

6. From stem cell to muture cells

7. Three important functions of stem cells 1.Plasticity: Potential to change into other cell types 2. Homing: To travel to the site of tissue damage 1.Engraftment: To unite with other tissues

8. Kinds of Stem Cells Stem cell type DescriptionExamples Totipotent Each cell can develop into a new individual Cells from early (1-3 days) embryos Pluripotent Cells can form any (over 200) cell types Some cells of blastocyst (5 to 14 days) Multipotent Cells differentiated, but can form a number of other tissues Fetal tissue, cord blood, and adult stem cells

9. This cell Can form the Embryo and placenta This cell Can just form the embryo Fully mature

10. http://www.stemcellresearch.org/testimony/20040929prentice.htmhttp://www.stemcellresearch.org/testimony/20040929prentice.htm Reprinted with permission of Do No Harm.

11. Umbilical cord stem cells 1. Umbilical cord blood stem cell 2. Wharton’s Jelly Specifity: 1. Easy to reach and not expensive 2. NO immune sytem reactivity(no GVHD) 3. Proliferate fast 4. Limited number 5. The mature derived cells are not fully functional

12. Hematopoietic stem cell

13. Neural stem cell

14. Intestine stem cell

15. Mesenchymal stem cell

16. Inducing a "forced" expression of specific genes(Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and cMyc) in somatic cells

18. Potential Uses of Stem Cells 1.Basic research A.understanding the complex events and molecular basis of during development and cancer B. Molecular mechanisms for gene control C. Role of signals in gene expression & differentiation of the stem cell D. Stem cell theory of cancer

19. 2. Biotechnology(drug discovery & development) A. Stem cells can provide specific cell types to test new drugs. B. Safety testing of new drugs on differentiated cell lines C. Screening of potential drugs(anti-tumor drugs) D. Pluripotent stem cells would allow drug testing in a wider range of cell types & to reduce animal testing Potential Uses of Stem Cells

20. 3. Cell based therapies A.Regenerative therapy to treat Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s spinal cord injury, stroke severe burns, heart disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis B. Stem cells in gene therapy C. Stem cells in therapeutic cloning D. Stem cells in cancer Potential Uses of Stem Cells

21. Then How we can Identify the Stemcells?