1. The History of Measurement

2. Measurement
An accurate and consistent system of measurement is the foundation of a healthy economy. Without a consistent, honest system of measurement, World trade would be thrown into chaos. Throughout history, buyers and sellers have tried to defraud each other by inaccurately representing the quantity of the product exchanged. From ancient times to the present there has been a need for measuring things accurately.

3. Landing on the moon 1967 July 16, 1969
Surveyor 3 landed in an ancient crater known as the Sea of Tranquility and sent back data indicating it would be a suitable landing site for a manned mission.
July 16, 1969
Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin became the first humans to set foot on the surface of the Moon.
They traveled over 400,000 kilometers through space and landed within walking distance of the Voyager 3 craft with only 10 seconds of fuel remaining.
Imagine what would have happened if NASA scientists had inaccurately measured the thrust of the Saturn V rockets, the mass of the payload, the distance to the Moon, the location of the Voyager 3 craft, the gravitational field of the Moon, the rate of fuel consumption, the speed of the Apollo 11 craft, the orbit of the Moon around the earth, the astronauts’ rate of oxygen consumption or the radio frequency of the communication gear!!

4. Egyptians
Built pyramids by measuring the stones they cut using body dimensions
Every worker could relate.
Small distances = digits
the width of a finger
Longer distances = cubit
the length from the tip of the elbow to the tip of the middle finger
1 cubit = 28 digits

5. Romans and danes Romans Danes built roads in paces
1 pace = 2 steps
1000 paces = 1 mile (mil is Latin for 1000)
Danes
seafaring people wanting to know the depth of water shipping channels
Fathom = distance from the tip of the middle finger on one hand to the tip of the middle finger on the other

6. english Distances were defined by the King’s body features
Yard = circumference of his waist
Inch = distance between the knuckles of his thumb
Foot = length of his foot
Acre: The amount of land your ox could plow from sunrise to sunset.
Hand: King Henry VIII said that it is equal to 4 inches.
What is it used to measure today?
The height of horses!!!

7. Problem with these types of measurements?
Because every person’s body is different, using body parts as reference would cause every measurement to be inaccurate.

8. As various cultures emigrated to England, they brought with them various measurement systems. Today, the English or Customary system reflects the variety of different measurement systems from which they originated.
There are, for example many units in which distance can be measured in the Customary system, but bear no logical relationship to each other.
1 statue mile = nautical miles = 1760 yards = 320 rods = furlongs = 5280 feet = 63,360 inches = 880 fathoms = 15,840 hands
Unfortunately, most people have no idea what nautical miles, fathoms, hands, or furlongs are because they use only the more common measures of miles, yards, and inches.

9. What is a better price for gasoline?
Canada: $2.98/liter
U.S.: $3.59/gal
Therefore, we need a system that everyone uses!!!!!!!!!!!

10. SI System
1670
measurement system based on the decimal system proposed.
1791
metric system developed (metric is based on the French word for measure.)
Prefixes were agreed upon
Multipliers >10 = Greek
Multipliers <10 = Latin
1960
an international conference was called to standardize the metric system.
Scientists developed “Le Système Internationale d’Unités” more commonly known as the SI System.

11. Si system It is the modern version of the metric system Base 10 Simple
Used by scientists worldwide
Mandatory system of measurement in every country of the world except the U.S., Liberia, and Burma

12. Seven base units (NEED TO MEMORIZE 6)
QUANTITY
SYMBOL
meter
length m
*kilogram
mass kg
second
time s
Kelvin
thermodynamic temperature K
mole
amount of substance
mol
ampere
electric current A

13. meter
1 meter = kilometers = 1000 millimeters = 1,000,000 micrometers = 1,000,000,000 nanometers
The meter was originally intended to be 1/10,000,000 of the earth’s meridian that passes through Paris. It is now defined as the distance light travels in 1/299,792,458 of a second.

14. kilogram
The kilogram is the only SI base unit to incorporate a prefix.
The kilogram is the only unit still based on a single lump of stuff. All the other definitions can be reproduced with a high degree of accuracy in any laboratory with the proper equipment.

15. What if I want to measure something that is either larger or smaller than the base unit?
16 prefixes (NEED TO MEMORIZE 10)
PREFIX
Symbol
Examples using prefixes
Meaning
Exponential Notation
giga- G
Gg, Gm, Gs
g = 1 Gg
109
mega- M
Mg, Mm, Ms
g = 1 Mg
106
kilo- k
kg, km, ks
1000 g = 1 kg
103
deka- da
dag, dam, das
10 g = 1 dag
101
BASE UNIT
100
deci- d
dm, dg
10 dg = 1g
10-1
centi- c
cm, cg
100 cg = 1g
10-2
milli- m
mm, mg, ms
1000 mg = 1g
10-3
micro- 
g, m, s
g = 1g
10-6
nano- n
ng, nm, ns
ng = 1g
10-9
pico- p
pg, pm, ps
pg = 1 g
10-12

16. Which is larger? centimeter
millimeter, centimeter microsecond, second kilogram, centigram deciliter, milliliter picometer, nanometer megaliter, dekaliter
centimeter
second
kilogram
deciliter
nanometer
megaliter

17. A decigram is 0.1 grams. 0.001 m ________________________
Give the name of each of the following quantities.
0.001 m ________________________
s ________________________
0.01 g ________________________
1000 m _______________________
L _________________
mole______________________
millimeter
microsecond
centigram
kilometer
picoliter
megamole
Read Sections 2.2 to 2.4 (Pages 18-23) #17, 18, 27, 28, 33, 36

18. Name The following… 10-2 pedes 106 phones 101 cards 10-12 boos