1. Timeline: History of the Internet:

2. 1945 - Vannavar Bush describes the memex; a hypothetical mechanical hypertext system where individuals could compress and store their books, records, and communications. 1957 - USSR launched Sputnik I - United States creates the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense (ARPA) - Technological think-tank - Space, ballistic missiles and nuclear test monitoring - Communication between operational base and subcontracters 1962 - Computer research program - Leaded by John Licklider (MIT) - Leonard Kleinrock published his first paper on packet-switching theory

3. 1965 - First “wide area network” created - connection between Berkeley and MIT 1967 - Plans for ARPANET were published by ARPA 1969 - ARPANET was born when 4 computers were inter-connected (UCLA, SRI, UCSB and UTAH) 1970 - First cross-country link installed by AT&T between UCLA and BBN at 56kbps - ALOHAnet satellite network in Hawaii 1971 - 23 host computers (15 nodes)

4. 1972 - First program for person-to-person communication (e-mail) - Robert Kahn gives first public demonstration of ARPAnet (now 15 nodes) at International Conference on Computer Communication - @ was first chosen to separate user ids and host names. - First computer-to-computer chat program was developed at UCLA 1973 - Ethernet was invented by Bob Metcalfe at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) - 75% of all ARPANET traffic is e-mail - First international connection (University College of London) 1974 - TCP/IP - Each network should work on its own - Within each network there would be a ‘gateway’ - Packages would be routed through the fastest available route - Network only operated on large mainframe computers

5. 1975 - First mailing list was created 1978 - TCP split into TCP and IP - First Bulletin Board System (CBBS) Ward Christensen 1979 - First threaded message board (Usenet) -) - MUDs - Multi-User Dungeons (Precursor to MMORPGs) 1982 - Introduction of Minitel which housed the first public Instant Messager 1974-1982 - No standardized competing techniques or protocols - ARPANET is remains the backbone

6. 1981 - Term “Internet” coined to mean collection of interconnected networks 1982 - Smtp e-mail protocol defined 1983 - Original ARPANET NCP was banned on January 1st from the ARPANET and TCP/IP standard becomes the protocol standard 1984 - Introduction of DNS (Domain Name System) as BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain Server) 1985 - FTP protocol defined 1989 - WWW concept was proposed by Tim Berners-Lee

7. 1990 - ARPANET is decommissioned - AOL and CompuServe first provide dial-up service - Tim Berners-Lee develops hypertext system with initial versions of HTML and HTTP and first GUI web browser called “WorldWideWeb” 1990 - First search-engine (Archie) 1993 - Mosaic, a GUI web browser, written by Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina becomes the first popular web browser (showed in-line images and was easy to install) - InterNIC created by NSF to provide Internet services; Private companies transition into roles (AT&T – directory and database services; Network Solutions – registration services; CERFnet – information services)

8. 1994 - 3.2 million hosts and 3,000 websites - Hotmail starts web based email - World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was founded 1995 - 6.4 million hosts and 25,000 websites - Traditional online dial-up systems (Compuserve, America Online, Prodigy) begin to provide Internet access - Ward Cunningham invents the Wiki 1997 - 19.5 million hosts and 1,2 million websites - First Blogs appear 1998 - Google is founded

9. 1999 - Napster is released 2000 - Dotcom collapse 2001 - 110 million hosts and 30 million websites - Wikipedia launched 2002 - MySpace launched 2003 - Facebook launched 2006 - 439 million hosts; 10 new computers connected per second