1. Transcription

2. Figure 13-1 2

3. Table 13-1
Table 13-1 3

4. Structure of RNA polymerases
Figure 13-2
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic 4

5. Transcription phases
Figure 13-3 5

6. Sigma 70 promoters
Transcription start site
Figure 13-5 6

7. Frequency of nucleotides in various sigma 70 promoters
Box 7

8. Table 13-1
Table 13-1 8

9. Promoter binding by the bacterial RNA polymerase requires a sigma subunit
Bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme
Figure 13-4
Sigma subunit 9

10. Binding of sigma 70 to promoter elements
Figure 13-6 10

11. Carboxy terminal domain Non- template domain
Figure 13-7 11

12. Transcription phases
Figure 13-3 12

13. Sigma 70 promotes melting of DNA by flipping two bases out of the double helix
Figure 13-8 13

14. The open complex and its channels
Figure 13-9 14

15. Models for abortive transcription
Figure 13-10
©2006 AAAS 15

16. The elongation process
Figure 13-11 16

17. by proteins GreA and GreB
Cleavage is promoted
by proteins GreA and GreB
Figure Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

18. The rho protein is required for rho-dependent termination of transcription in bacteria
Figure 13-12 18

19. Figure 12.7 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

20. Rho-independent transcription termination requires a sequence of dyad symmetry followed by 8 A/T bp
Figure 13-13 20

21. Disruption of the ternary DNA-RNA-RNA polymerase complex by a termination stem-loop structure
Figure 13-14 21

22. Table 13-1
Table 13-1 22

23. Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters are complex
Figure 13-15 23

24. Table 13-2
Table 13-2 24

25. Initiation of transcription at RNA polymerase II promoters
Figure 13-16 25

26. The TATA-binding protein bends the DNA
Figure 13-17 26

27. TBP recruits TFIIB to the promoter
Figure 13-18 27

28. The preinitiation complex interacts with activators and chromatin modeling factors via a mediator complex
Figure 13-19 28

29. Mediator complexes consist of many subunits that probably interact with different activators
Figure 13-20 29

30. Phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain tail is required for promoter escape of RNA polymerase II
Figure 13-21 30

31. Elongation factors increase the processivity of RNA polymerases
Figure 13-22 31

32. FACT disassembles and assembles nucleosomes during transcription
Figure 13-23 32

33. RNA processing proteins are attached to the CTD tail of RNA polymerase II
Figure 13-21 33

34. Addition of a 5’ cap occurs after promoter escape
Figure 13-24 34

35. RNA processing proteins are attached to the CTD tail of RNA polymerase II
Figure 13-21 35

36. Termination of transcription is linked to polyadenylation of transcripts
Figure 13-25 36

37. Two models for termination of transcription in eukaryotes
Figure 13-26 37

38. Table 11.3 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

39. Elements in RNA polymerase I promoters (RNA polymerase I transcribes rRNA genes)
Figure 13-27 39

40. Elements in RNA polymerase III promoters
Figure 13-28 40