1. Planning and construction treatment and Rehabilitation programmes
Kevin Browne

2. Criteria (P6, M3, D2)
P6:Design a safe and appropriate treatment and rehabilitation programme for two common sports injuries, with tutor support
M3: Independently design a safe and appropriate treatment and rehabilitation programme for two common sports injuries.
D2: Evaluate the treatment and rehabilitation programme designed, justifying the choices and suggesting alternatives where appropriate

3. What we will be doing today
We will be covering the physiological side to Rehabilitation

4. Rehabilitation
What is Rehabilitation? Individually come up with your own definition of what rehabilitation is
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Rehabilitation is the restoration of the ability to function in a normal or near-normal manner following an injury (Stafford-brown and Rea, 2007).

5. Purpose of Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation usually involves reducing pain and swelling, restoring range of motion and increasing strength with the use of manual therapy (massage and manipulation), therapeutic methods such as ultrasound and an exercise programme.
If a sportsperson does not rehabilitate their injury effectively, they are much more likely to sustain another injury to the same area.

6. Physiological rehabilitation process
For rehabilitation to occur, an accurate and immediate diagnosis is needed to help establish effective treatment and rehabilitation management of an injury. Therefore, it is essential that an appropriately qualified person diagnoses the injury as early as possible.
This may include a sports therapist, a physiotherapist, a doctor, or some other suitably qualified person. The diagnosis relies on accurate information given by either the injured person or someone who saw the injury happen.
The smallest of details can make a difference to how accurate a diagnosis can be. All information, including information regarding the environment, previous injury history, as well as the actual injury event, is very important to communicate.

7. Post-injury treatment and rehabilitation
There are numerous ways in which to classify injury and its management. The following is a commonly accepted role model. This is called the 'stepladder approach' to rehabilitation.

8. Phases
Description
Phase 1
Immediate post-injury phase (0-20 minutes post injury)
Phase 2
Acute phase (up to post-injury)
Phase 3
Sub-acute phase (3-10 days)
Phase 4
Active rehabilitation stage
Mobilising exercises for joint range
Strengthening exercises
Phase 5
Functional rehabilitation/training stage

9. Stage 1 The aim of treatment at this stage is to:
Prevent as much of the initial swelling as possible
Protect the injured part from any further damage
Control any bleeding
Help to relieve the pain.
Use of PRICE is vital at this stage.

10. Stage 2 Phase 2 The aim of treatment at this stage is to:
Control any bleeding and swelling
Relieve pain
Protect from further damage
Give advice for home treatment.

11. Stage 3
During this stage, the injury should be in the early stages of recovery. The aim of treatment at this stage is:
Absorption of swelling
Removal of debris/dead cells from the area
Growth of new blood vessels
Development of scar tissue.

12. Stage 4
Before starting active rehabilitation, it is important to make sure that the following applies to the injured part:
There is no significant inflammation
There is no significant swelling
While there may be some joint stiffness, there is some range of movement free from pain
There is the ability to undertake some weight-bearing.

13. Range of Movement (RoM)
Initially the range of movement needs to be improved as there may have been some weakening of muscles through injury. For every week of immobilisation, a person may lose up to 20 per cent of their muscle strength. Therefore it is important to start to encourage movement first through non-weight-bearing exercises and then to progress to weight-bearing activities.
The use of supports may still be necessary in the early part of this stage. Prolonged immobilisation will lead to stiffness of the joints in the injury area and a decrease in ligament strength. However, if the injured area is immobilised early on in the rehabilitation process, re-growth of the damaged tissues is encouraged and sports ability and skills are maintained.

14. Types of exercises - Phase 4
A selection of exercises used for the injured part should be encouraged on a regular basis as well as continuing to exercise the rest of the body without undue pressure on the injury. Care should be taken to avoid over-exercising, which may result in more damage and therefore a delay in rehabilitation.
The two main types of exercises that should be used throughout this stage are:
Mobilisation activities to improve the range of movement and reduce joint stiffness.
Strengthening activities that will help stability of joints and strengthen the weakened muscles.

15. Phase 5 The aim of treatment at this stage is to:
Improve balance and movement coordination
Restore specific skills and movement patterns to pre-injury level
Provide psychological reassurance of function.

16. Treatment and rehabilitation activity
Complete the activity by reading the information and then produce a treatment and rehabilitation plan for a mild to moderate hamstring strain. See if you can see the five phases of treatment in the programme. this to your tutor when completed
The reading has been uploaded to the blog