1. Ethical Considerations in Behavior Analysis and Autism Intervention Christine M. Holland, MS BCBA cholland@autismva.org

3. Objectives Discuss and define ethical behavior Identify and discuss the ethical philosophy of B.F. Skinner as described in Skinner’s own writings and in the writings of others Identify and discuss additional models for resolving ethical dilemmas Identify and describe additional resources that are available specific to using behavior analysis in interventions for individuals on the autism spectrum Analyze ethical dilemmas presented in written and/or video vignettes and discuss solutions based on the “Guidelines for Responsible Conduct for Behavior Analysts” and “BCBA & BCaBA Behavior Analyst Task List”

5. Utilitarianism Deontological Teleological Divine Command Theory Virtue Ethics Care Ethics Theories of Ethics

8. http://youtu.be/rb8jSR2aMsE

9. Skinner’s Analysis of Values Practical Ethics and Ethical Fitness Existing Guidelines for Behavior Analyst and Autism Practitioners How to Solve Ethical Dilemmas

10. Defining Ethics and Ethical Behavior The discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation A set of principles of right conduct. The theory or a system of moral value The study of the general nature of morals and of the specific moral choices to be made by a person Certain standards of behavior are developed by a culture and promote the survival of that culture -Skinner Behaviors, practices, and decisions that address three basic and fundamental questions: What is the right thing to do? What is worth doing? What does it mean to be a good behavior analyst -Cooper, Heron, Heward

11. Defining Ethics and Ethical Behavior Cooper Definition What Is The Right Thing To Do? Personal History Context of Practice Ethical Codes What is Worth Doing? Social Validity Cost-Benefit Ratio Current Situation What Does It Mean To Be A Good Behavior Analyst Following Codes Following “Golden Rule” Self Evaluation

12. I mportance of Ethics in Behavior Analysis Power of Science Scope of Responsibilities Vulnerability of Clients

13. B.F. Skinner’s Analysis of Values Values are certain standards of behavior that are developed by a culture and promote the survival of that culture B.F. Skinner

14. Radical Behaviorism

15. A Science of behavior – Observable events – Private Events Selection by consequences – Species – Individual – Cultural

16. Beyond Freedom & Dignity Time Magazine Cover September 20, 1971

17. Values As A Subject of Science http://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=Hj9oB4zpHww

18. Values as Subject of Science

19. 3 Term Contingency Antecedent Behavior Consequence

20. VS Positive Reinforers Negative Reinforcers

21. Skinner’s Analysis of Values Classes of Values or Goal – Positively reinforcing to the individual – Positively reinforcing to others – Positively reinforcing to the culture Universal reinforcers?

22. Values and Verbal Behavior Good Ought Bad Should

23. Skinner’s Analysis of Values Ethical Injunctions – Competing contingencies Criticism of Skinner’s view of Values Hmm…

24. Application of Skinner’s Analysis of Values Examine Existing Contingencies for Ethical Behavior Self-Examination Reviewing ethical Decisions Recommendations If you are reinforced by (X), you will be reinforced by doing (Y) and the reinforcement controlling this assertion on my part is (Z).

25. Practical Ethics and Ethical Fitness ® How Good People Make Touch Choices: Resolving the Dilemmas of Ethical Living by Rushworth M. Kidder

26. Nature of Ethical Dilemmas Right vs. Wrong Violation of Law Departure from Truth Deviation from moral rectitude

27. Nature of Ethical Dilemmas Justice versus Mercy Short-term versus long- term Individual versus community Truth versus loyalty Right versus right

28. Existing Guidelines for Behavior Analyst and Autism Practitioners “ The behavior analyst has the potential to do great good for clients and society by analyzing complex problematic behaviors, finding humane and effective solutions, implementing programs that work, and ensuring the least restrictive, most effective evidence-based treatments possible given limited resources.” -Bailey & Burch 2011

29. Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct By: American Psychologist Association

30. The Right to Effective Behavioral Treatment By: Association for Behavior Analysis The Right to effective Education By: Association for Behavior Analysis

31. Guidelines for Responsible Conduct for Behavior Analysts Revised July 2010 By: The Behavior Analyst Certification Board The BACB Disciplinary Standards By: The Behavior Analyst Certification Board The BCBA and BCaBA Behavior Analyst Task Lists By: Behavior Analyst Certification Board

32. Ethics for Behavior Analysts: 2 nd Expanded For Issue by Jon Bailey and Mary Burch Risk –Benefit Analysis Additional Tools Declaration of Professional Services

33. Additional Ethical Considerations in Autism Intervention Autism Special Interest group (SIG) Guidelines Qualifications to direct behavior analytic program training necessary evidence of qualifications Additional considerations Task list for Board Certified Behavior Analyst Working with Persons with Autism

34. Additional Ethical Considerations in Autism Intervention Recommendations for Evidence Based Practice Additional Resources National Standards Project The National Professional Center on Autism Spectrum Disorders Association for Science in Autism Treatment

35. Let’s Talk! Discuss possible reinforcers (positive and negative) in each scenario Discuss relevant guidelines from the Guidelines for Responsible Conduct Discuss other tools that may help with the scenario