1. Use, Support, and Effect of Instructional Technology Michael Russell, Damian Bebell, & Laura O’Dwyer

2. Technology: Then and Now

3. 1907

4. 2002

5. Computers in K-3 Classrooms

6. Typewriters in K-3 Classrooms

8. USEIT Study What are students and teachers doing with technology? How does these uses vary? What factors contribute to this variation? What effects do these uses have on teaching and learning?

9. USEIT Study 3 Year Study 22 Massachusetts Districts Surveys –112 District Leaders, 120 Principals, 4,000 teachers, 13,300 students Linked to each other Site Visits and 200+ Interviews Case Studies

10. Sample 4 Small Urban 5 Rural 13 Suburban

11. Vision Resources Curriculum & Instructional Model Policies and Standards Leadership Physical Infra. Support/Personnel Prof. Development. Community District Level Teacher BeliefsTeacher Preparedness Home Resource Education Resources Students Class School LeadershipPrincipal. Beliefs Principal. PreparednessSchool Culture School Use

12. Vision Resources Curriculum & Instructional Model Policies and Standards Leadership Physical Infra. Support/Personnel Prof. Development. Community District Level Teacher BeliefsTeacher Preparedness Home Resource Education Resources Students Class School LeadershipPrincipal. Beliefs Principal. PreparednessSchool Culture School Use

13. How We Defined Technology Computer-based Hardware Software Peripherals –PDA, AlphaSmarts, LCD Projectors, Digital Cameras, Scanners, Probes Internet, Networks, and e-Mail Not Graphing Calculators

14. Students and Technology Grades: 5 8 11 Math English/Language Arts Social Studies Science Self contained classrooms

15. Students Have Computers at Home Number of computers students report at their home (all grade levels)

16. Students Have Internet at Home What kind of internet connection do you have at home?

17. Students Can Access Computers at Home How difficult is it to access your home computer?

18. Students Use Computers at Home How much time do you spend using a computer at home?

19. Students Use the Internet at Home For Fun and School For Fun For School

20. Students Write with Computers How often do you use your home computer to write papers for school?

21. Students Use Computers in School, But less than at Home Grade 5

22. Students Use Computers Most Often in Science Grade 8

23. Students Use Computers Most Often in English Grade 11

24. 5th Graders Use Computers in School More than 8th and 11th Graders

25. Teachers Use Computers During Instruction Less than Students

26. Summary of Student Survey Results More use at home than in school Big brother/big sister effect on home use Use home computers for email, internet, games and chatting Use home computers for school workAdditionally… Students are generally confident with their technology skills Believe they produce good work and learn better when

27. Teachers and Technology

28. Teacher’s VALUE Older Technologies

29. Values Shift with Experience

30. Access Is Major Obstacle

31. Teachers Have Students Use Computers in Variety of Ways

32. Teachers Use Computers for a Variety of Purposes

33. 1. Delivering Instruction 2. Teacher-directed Student Use 3. Teacher-directed Student Technology Product 4. Preparing for Instruction 5. Communicating via E-mail 6. Recording Grades 7. Accommodating Lessons Seven Measures of Teacher Technology Use

34. Relative teacher technology use Communicating via Email Preparation for Instruction Directed Student Use Recording Grades Delivering Instruction Accommodating Lessons Teacher-directed Student Technology Products

35. Correlation of Technology Uses Accommodation Use Email Use Instructional Use Preparation Use Student Use Student Product Grading 1.00 1.00 0.44 1.00 0.461.00 Accom- Email Instruc- Prepa- Student Student Grading modation Use tional ration Use Product Use Use Use

36. Correlation of Technology Uses Accommodation Use Email Use Instructional Use Preparation Use Student Use Student Product Grading 1.00 0.36 1.00 0.36 1.00 0.44 0.34 1.00 0.33 1.00 0.461.00 Accom- Email Instruc- Prepa- Student Student Grading modation Use tional ration Use Product Use Use Use

37. Correlation of Technology Uses Accommodation Use Email Use Instructional Use Preparation Use Student Use Student Product Grading 1.00 0.25 0.22 0.29 0.23 0.09 1.00 0.23 0.21 0.17 0.16 1.00 0.25 0.22 1.00 0.29 0.24 1.00 0.04 1.00 0.241.00 Accom- Email Instruc- Prepa- Student Student Grading modation Use tional ration Use Product Use Use Use

38. 29 Independent variables scales developed through exploratory analysis and the literature These include measures of: –School/District Vision –Teacher Pedagogy –Teacher Philosophy –Leadership –School culture –Technology support –Technology access and distribution –Professional Development + demographic variables Factors Influencing Teacher Technology Use

39. Teacher-Directed Student Use of Technology

40. Delivering Instruction

41. Preparing for Instruction

42. Recording Grades

43. Accommodating Lessons

44. Communicating via Email

45. Specific models for specific uses of technology Some predictors were important across nearly all technology uses Access Teacher’s beliefs Teacher’s confidence Some predictors were important only for specific use Grade level (Recording grades) # of years the teacher’s have been teaching (Accommodating lessons and Student use) School culture (Accommodating lessons)

46. Teachers’ Technology Use from a Multilevel Perspective

47. Vision Resources Curriculum & Instructional Model Policies and Standards Leadership Physical Infra. Support/Personnel Prof. Development. Community District Level Teacher BeliefsTeacher Preparedness Home Resource Education Resources Students Class School LeadershipPrincipal. Beliefs Principal. PreparednessSchool Culture School Use

48. Teachers’ Use of Technology District Characteristics School Characteristics Principal Characteristics

49. Teacher Use of Technology Teacher Use of Technology for Delivery Teacher-directed Student Use of Technology During Class Time Teachers Direct Students to Create Products Using Technology Teachers Use Technology for Preparation

50. Teacher Use of Technology for Delivery

53. Teacher-directed Student Use of Technology During Class Time

56. Teachers Direct Students to Create Products Using Technology

59. Teachers Use Technology for Preparation

62. Conclusions There is no single model that predicts all four types of teacher use of technology This is particularly true at the school level – different school/district policies effect different uses

63. New versus Tenured Teachers New Teachers: –grew up with computers –are more comfortable with computers –will use computers more for instruction Sample divided into three groups: –1-5 years –6-15 years –more than 15 years

64. Confidence Using Technology and Beliefs About the Impacts of Technology on Students

65. Pedagogical Beliefs About Teacher- Directed and Student-Centered Instructional Practices

66. Relative teacher technology use

67. Site Visit Analyses

68. 13 Factors Related to Success ·Leadership ·Vision ·Goals ·Technology Plan ·Funding ·Resources ·Community ·Professional Development ·Teacher Support ·External Programs ·Collaboration ·Obstacles (Fewer) ·Technology Standards

69. Resources and Support Districts with high levels of technology support are more likely to have: more resources, and more funding a technology plan integration specialists better PD higher levels of technology support

70. Leadership and Vision Districts with strong district-wide technology leadership are more likely: higher levels of community involvement district leaders who emphasize technology and who have clear technology visions and educational goals that are supported by technology.

71. Correlation coefficients between components of tech use and mean student use from student surveys

72. Initial Patterns and Observations Educational Technology is Complex –Many Types, Beliefs, and Uses –Presentation, Preparation, Record Keeping, Communication, Tailoring, Student Use –Home versus School –Variation within and across schools –What explains variation --- School and District Leadership and Programs

73. Key Factors Affecting Elementary Classroom Use Home Use, Skills, and Beliefs about tech Teacher’s Pedagogical beliefs and practices Mean Student Technology Skill Level Teacher’s Beliefs about Technology Principals beliefs about technology Principals Emphasis on technology and Pressure to use Technology

74. What Leaders Do Showcase to community and school board Vision and expectations Pockets of innovation Professional Development - teams and extended time

75. Resources www.intasc.org inTASC Library JTLA (jtla.org)