1. Oracle Database Instance Management Oracle 10g

2. Ebtisam Alabdulqader Outline Management Framework. Managing Oracle instance through the Enterprise Manager. Database Instance Startup Stages. Database Instance Shutdown Modes. Parameter Files and Initialization Parameter. 2IT331

3. Management Framework Ebtisam Alabdulqader 3 The three components of the Oracle Database 10g management framework are:  Database instance.  Listener.  Management interface: Database Control. Management agent (when using Grid Control). Listener Database Control Management agent Management interface -or- IT331

4. Managing Oracle instance through the Enterprise Manager Oracle 10g

5. Accessing Oracle Enterprise Manager Ebtisam Alabdulqader 5 http://10.144.20.250:5500/em Syour serial#_section# password IT331

6. Oracle Database Instance Startup Stages for Starting Up a Database:  NOMOUNT  MOUNT  OPEN Ebtisam Alabdulqader 6IT331

7. Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance: NOMOUNT OPEN MOUNT NOMOUNT SHUTDOWN Instance started STARTUP 7 Ebtisam Alabdulqader Shutdown IT331

8. Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance: MOUNT OPEN MOUNT NOMOUNT SHUTDOWN Instance started STARTUP Control file opened for this instance 8 Ebtisam Alabdulqader Shutdown IT331

9. Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance: OPEN OPEN MOUNT NOMOUNT SHUTDOWN Instance started STARTUP Control file opened for this instance All files opened as described by the control file for this instance 9 Ebtisam Alabdulqader Shutdown IT331

10. Additional Instance Startup Options Two additional options for Starting up an Instance:  Restrict access to the database.  Force the instance to start. Ebtisam Alabdulqader 10IT331

11. Restricted Access to the Database Instance can be started in Restricted Mode so that the instance is available only to administrative personnel (not general database users). This mode is used for the following tasks:  Perform an export or import of data.  Perform a data load (with SQL*Loader).  Temporarily prevent typical users from using data.  Perform certain migration or upgrade operations. Ebtisam Alabdulqader 11IT331

12. Forcing an Instance to Startup In unusual circumstances, you might experience problems when attempting to start a database instance.  Because a previous instance might not have been shutdown cleanly. For example, one of the instance's processes might not have terminated properly. In such situations, the database can return an error during normal instance startup. Ebtisam Alabdulqader 12IT331

13. Forcing an Instance to Startup Instance can be forced to start up using the Force option and that will terminate all remnant Oracle processes of the previous instance before starting the new instance. If an instance is running, Force startup will shutdown the instance with ABORT mode before restarting it. Ebtisam Alabdulqader 13IT331

14. Oracle Database Instance Shutdown Modes for Shutting down a Database:  ABORT  IMMEDIATE  TRANSACTIONAL  NORMAL Ebtisam Alabdulqader 14IT331

15. Shutdown Modes During NORMAL or TRANSACTIONAL or IMMEDIATE Consistent database (clean database) On the way down: Uncommitted changes rolled back, for IMMEDIATE. Database buffer cache written to data files. Resources released. On the way up: No instance recovery. 15 Ebtisam Alabdulqader IT331

16. Shutdown Modes During ABORT or Instance failure or STARTUP FORCE Inconsistent database (dirty database) On the way down: Uncommitted changes not rolled back. Modified buffers not written to data files. On the way up: Online redo log files used to reapply changes. Undo segments used to roll back uncommitted changes. Resources released. 16 Ebtisam Alabdulqader IT331

17. 17 Database Storage Architecture IT331 Ebtisam Alabdulqader

18. Parameter Files A parameter file is a file that contains a list of initialization parameters and a value for each parameter.  spfile.ora  init.ora Parameter file is read when instance start. Ebtisam Alabdulqader 18IT331

19. Initialization Parameters Initialization parameters perform functions, such as:  Set limits for the entire database; e.g. specify names of files or directories required by the database.  Set user or process limits; e.g. the maximum number of database users.  Set limits on database resources; e.g. the amount of space initially allocated for each memory area.  Optimize performance; e.g. adjusting memory structures, such as the number of database buffers in memory. Ebtisam Alabdulqader 19IT331

20. Initialization Parameters: Examples Ebtisam Alabdulqader 20 ParameterSpecifies CONTROL_FILESOne or more control file names DB_BLOCK_SIZEStandard database block size used by all tablespaces PROCESSES Maximum number of OS user processes that can simultaneously connect DB_CACHE_SIZESize of the standard block buffer cache DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ _COUNT Maximum number of blocks read during an input/output (I/O) operation involving a full sequential scan. SHARED_POOL_SIZESize of the shared pool in bytes IT331

21. Initialization Parameters: Examples Ebtisam Alabdulqader 21IT331

22. Changing Initialization Parameter Values There are two types of initialization parameters: Static parameters:  Can be changed only in the parameter file.  Require restarting the instance before taking effect. Dynamic parameters:  Can be changed while database is online.  Can be altered at: Session level or System level parameters. Ebtisam Alabdulqader 22IT331

23. References Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop I, student guide. Oracle Database Reference 10g Release 1 (10.1). [Online]. Available: http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B14117_01/server.101/b10755/whatsne w.htm http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B14117_01/server.101/b10755/whatsne w.htm Oracle Database 10g Release 1 (10.1) Documentation. [Online]. Available: http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/database10g.html http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/database10g.html Ebtisam Alabdulqader 23IT331