1. Algebra 2-7 Square Roots and Real Numbers1. 2.
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2. Algebra 2-7 Square Roots and Real Numbers
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3. Algebra 2-7 Square Roots and Real Numbers
A square root is one of two equal factors of a number.
For example, one square root of 64 is 8 because 8 • 8 = 64.
Another square root of 64 is – 8 because (– 8) • (– 8) = 64.
A number like 64, whose square root is a rational number is called a perfect square.
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4. Algebra 2-7 Square Roots and Real Numbers
The symbol , called a radical sign, is used to indicate a nonnegative or principal square root.
indicates the principal square root of 64
indicates the negative square root of 64
indicates both square root of 64
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5. Algebra 2-7 Square Roots and Real Numbers
Note that is NOT the same as
The notation represents the negative square root of 64. The notation represents the square root of – 64, which is NOT a real number because no real number multiplied by itself is negative.
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6. Find Square Roots
Find .
represents the positive and negative square roots of
Answer:
Example 7-1a

7. Find Square Roots
Find .
represents the positive square root of
Answer:
Example 7-1c

8. Find Square Roots Find each square root. a. Answer: b. Answer: 0.6
Example 7-1d

9. Algebra 2-7 Square Roots and Real Numbers
Recall that rational numbers are numbers that can be expressed as terminating or repeating decimals or in the form , where a and b are integers and b ≠ 0.
As you have seen, the square roots of perfect squares are rational numbers.
However, numbers such as and are the square roots of numbers that are not perfect squares.
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10. Algebra 2-7 Square Roots and Real Numbers
Numbers like these cannot be expressed as a terminating or repeating decimal.
Numbers that are not rational numbers are called irrational numbers.
Irrational numbers and rational numbers together form the set of real numbers.
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11. Algebra 2-7 Square Roots and Real Numbers
natural numbers (N)
whole numbers (W)
integers (Z)
rational numbers (Q)
real numbers (R)
irrational numbers (R – Q)
Keep this handout in your notes.
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12. Classify Real Numbers
Name the set or sets of numbers to which belongs.
Answer: Because , which is neither a repeating nor terminating decimal, this number is irrational (R – Q).
Example 7-2a

13. Classify Real Numbers
Name the set or sets of numbers to which belongs.
Answer: Because 1 and 6 are integers and , which is a repeating decimal, the number is a rational number (Q).
Example 7-2b

14. Classify Real Numbers
Name the set or sets of numbers to which belongs.
Answer: Because this number is a natural number (N), a whole number (W), an integer (Z) and a rational number (Q).
Example 7-2c

15. Classify Real Numbers
Name the set or sets of numbers to which –327 belongs.
Answer: This number is an integer (Z) and a rational number (Q).
Example 7-2d

16. Classify Real Numbers
Name the set or sets of numbers to which each real number belongs. a. b. c. d.
Answer: rationals (Q)
Answer: naturals (N), whole (W), integers (Z), rationals (Q)
Answer: irrationals (R – Q)
Answer: integers (Z), rationals (Q)
Example 7-2e

17. Algebra 2-7 Square Roots and Real Numbers
In lesson 2-1 you graphed rational numbers on a number line.
However, the rational numbers alone do not complete the number line.
By including irrational numbers, the number line is complete.
This is illustrated by the Completeness Property which states that each point on the number line corresponds to exactly one real number.
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18. Algebra 2-7 Square Roots and Real Numbers
Recall that inequalities like x < 7 are open sentences.
To solve the inequality, determine what replacement values for x make the sentence true.
This can be shown by the solutions set: {all real numbers less than 7}.
Not only does this include integers like 5 and – 2, but it also includes rational numbers like and and irrational numbers like and
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19. Graph Real Numbers Graph .
The heavy arrow indicates that all numbers to the left of 8 are included in the graph. The dot at 8 indicates that 8 is included in the graph.
Example 7-3a

20. Graph Real Numbers Graph .
The heavy arrow indicates that all the points to the right of –5 are included in the graph. The circle at –5 indicates that –5 is not included in the graph.
Example 7-3b

21. Graph Real Numbers Graph each solution set. a. b. Answer: Answer:
Example 7-3c

22. Algebra 2-7 Square Roots and Real Numbers
To express irrational numbers as decimals, you need to use rational approximation.
A rational approximation of an irrational number is a rational number that is close to, but not equal to, the value of the irrational number.
For example, a rational approximation of is 1.41 when rounded to the nearest hundredth.
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23. Compare Real Numbers
Replace the  with <, >, or = to make the sentence true.
Since the numbers are equal.
Answer:
Example 7-4a

24. Compare Real Numbers
Replace the  with <, >, or = to make the sentence true.
Answer:
Example 7-4b

25. Do these in your notes, PLEASE!
Compare Real Numbers
Replace each  with <, >, or = to make each sentence true. a. b.
Answer: <
Answer: <
Example 7-4c

26. Algebra 2-7 Square Roots and Real Numbers
You can write a set of real numbers in order from greatest to least or from least to greatest.
To do so, find a decimal approximation for each number in the set and compare.
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27. Order Real Numbers
Write in order from least to greatest. Write each number as a decimal.
or about
Example 7-5a

28. Order Real Numbers or about 2.4444
Answer: The numbers arranged in order from least to greatest are
Example 7-5b

29. Do this in your notes, PLEASE!
Order Real Numbers
Write in order from least to greatest.
Answer:
Example 7-5c

30. Algebra 2-7 Square Roots and Real Numbers
You can use rational approximations to test the validity of some algebraic statements involving real numbers.
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31. Rational Approximation
Multiple-Choice Test Item For what value of x is true?
A –5 B 0 C D 5
Read the Test Item
The expression is an open sentence, and the set of choices is the replacement set.
Example 7-6a

32. Rational Approximation
Solve the Test Item
Replace x in with each given value. A
False; and are not real numbers.
Example 7-6b

33. Rational ApproximationB
False; is not a real number. C
Use a calculator.
< 1 <
True
Example 7-6c

34. Rational ApproximationD
Use a calculator.
< 1 <
False
The inequality is true for
Answer: The correct answer is C.
Example 7-6e

35. Rational Approximation
A 3 B –3 C 0 D
Multiple-Choice Test Item For what value of x is true?
Answer: A
Example 7-6f