1. Four Perspectives on Educational Technology
Tammy Boudreau
Kevin Reed
Paulette Goguen
Monique Dupuis
Susan Smidt
Paula Gaudet

2. Educational Technology
The combination of the processes and tools in addressing educational needs and problems, with an emphasis on applying the most current tools: computers and their related technologies

3. Historical Perspectives
Important to examine the four different historical perspectives on these processes and tools, each of which has helped to shape current practices in the field:
Media and Audiovisual Communications
Instructional Systems
Vocational Training (Technology Education)
Computer Systems

4. 1. Technology as Media Saettler – (1990) Audiovisual Movement
Another way of delivering information other than books, or teacher instruction.
Early forms of Media were: slides, overheads, filmstrips, opaque projectors.
Some critics felt these methods were more effective

5. Groups involved in Media and Audiovisual Communication
The Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT)
-concerned with machines which contain messages and their application in classrooms
Later (1988) refocused their concerns with telecommunications and computer information systems.

6. Media Impact
The impact of media has been widespread and continues to be an important part of educational technology. Teachers are constantly trying different ways to reach their students particularly when they are confronted with so many media images in their daily lives.

7. 2. Instructional Systems
Took shape in the 1960’s and 1970’s
The systems approach to solving educational problems came from military and industrial training
Systems was introduced to K-12 by university personal working with schools.
The system was based on the belief that teachers and media could be parts of a system for addressing instructional need.
Examples: PLATO and ADDIE Model

8. Instructional Systems
Educational technology was now seen as a systematic approach to design, develop and deliver instruction matched to specific needs.
From the 1960’s to the 1980’s the application of the systems approach was influenced by the popular learning theories of the time.
Initially Behaviourist theories followed by Cognitive theories.

9. In the 1990’s the systems theory was criticized by popular learning theories, suggestion it was too rigid.
Today’s constructivist theories have changed opinions once again and are embracing the Instructional Systems approach.

10. 3. Technology as Vocational Training
Vocational Training is another view of educational technology.
It sees technology as a tool used in business and industry called technology education.
It derived from trainers and vocational educators in the 1980’s.
Key words: Job skills, work world, business/industry
Examples: Robotics, manufacturing systems, and computer-assisted design

11. Current View of Vocational Training
Computers are shaping the world around us. Both are constantly changing as we speak. Business, industries, and teachers all play in important part in vocational training in the industrial classroom and in the classroom itself in all content areas.

12. 4. Computer Systems
Advent of computers in 1950’s for business, industry, and military trainers
Recognized the potential of computers as instructional tools
Computer technology was predicted to be the most important components of educational technology
Instructional applications of computers did not produce the anticipated success

13. From 1960’s to 1990’s educational computing was created to encompass both instructional and support applications of computers
In the 1990’s a combination of technology resources, including media, instructional systems, and computer based support systems
Currently our system combines all resources to aid in learning

14. Scenario

15. What could have caused this disagreement?
Individuals in this scenario each had a different perspective of what Technology Integration meant. Their idea of the technology plan could have been different because of the following:
Prior educational experience
Age of the teacher
Comfort level with technology
Background tech knowledge

16. In your opinion, was one of the members’ perspectives most correct?

17. Our thoughts
Each individual had one piece of the pie, but nobody was seeing the big picture. In order to attain Technology Integration combined resources, including media, instructional systems and computer based support systems must be used.
Had they used the ISTE National Educational Technology Standards (NETS S) and Performance Indicators for Students, they would have had a standard document as their starting point.