1. An Overview of Nutrition Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

2. Nutrition in Your Life Nutrition –The science of foods and the substances they contain Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

3. Nutrition in Your Life Food –Derived from plant or animal sources Provide energy and nutrients –Used by the body for maintenance, growth, and repair Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

4. Nutrition in Your Life Diet –The foods one consumes The quality of which affects the risk of chronic diseases Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

5. Food Choices Personal preference Habit Ethnic heritage or tradition Social interactions Availability, convenience, economy Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

6. Food Choices Positive and negative associations Emotional comfort Values Body weight and image Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

7. Food Choices Nutrition and health benefits –Functional foods Provide health benefits beyond their nutrient contributions Ex. Whole foods, fortified foods Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

8. The Nutrients Energy defined Nutrient defined Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

9. The Nutrients Composition of foods –Six classes of nutrients –Nonnutrients Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

10. Body Composition Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

11. The Nutrients Chemical composition of nutrients –Inorganic vs. Organic nutrients Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

12. The Nutrients Inorganic nutrients –Minerals –Water Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

13. The Nutrients Organic nutrients –Carbohydrates –Lipids –Proteins –Vitamins Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

14. The Nutrients Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

15. The Nutrients Essential nutrients Macronutrients vs. micronutrients Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

16. Energy-Yielding Nutrients Calories and kilocalories Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

17. Energy-Yielding Nutrients Energy from foods –Energy density Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

18. Energy Density Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

19. Energy-Yielding Nutrients Energy in the body –Energy for activity –Stored energy Other roles of energy-yielding nutrients Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

20. Vitamins Organic Not energy-yielding Essential Water-soluble vs. fat-soluble Vulnerable to destruction Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

21. Minerals Inorganic Not energy-yielding Essential Indestructible Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

22. Water Inorganic Not energy-yielding Essential Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

23. The Science of Nutrition Human genome Nutritional genomics Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

24. Nutrition Research The Scientific Method –Hypothesis vs. Theory –Experimental group vs. control group –Randomization –Sample size Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

26. Nutrition Research The Scientific Method –Epidemiological studies –Laboratory-based studies –Human intervention or clinical trials Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

27. Nutrition Research Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

28. Nutrition Research Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

30. Nutrition Research The Scientific Method –Placebo effect Blind experiment Double-blind experiment Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

31. Nutrition Research The Scientific Method –Correlations and causes Positive correlation vs. negative correlation Replication –Peer review Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

32. Nutrition Research Research Vs. Rumors –Scientific validity Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

33. Dietary Reference Intakes Estimated Average Requirements Recommended Dietary Allowances Adequate Intakes Tolerable Upper Limits Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

34. DRI Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

35. DRI Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

36. Energy Recommendations Estimated Energy Requirement Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges –Carbohydrate: 45% - 65% –Fat: 20% - 35% –Protein: 10% - 35% Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

37. Energy Recommendations

38. Using Nutrient Recommendations Estimates of energy & nutrient intakes apply to healthy people Recommendations are NOT minimum requirements Recommendations are NOT optimal for all people Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

39. Using Nutrient Recommendations Recommendations should be met by consuming a varied diet Recommendations apply to average daily intakes Each DRI category serves a unique purpose Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

40. Comparing Nutrient Recommendations U.S. & Canada: DRI Committee International: FAO and WHO Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

41. Nutrition Assessment Malnutrition –Undernutrition vs. overnutrition Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

42. Nutrition Assessment of Individuals Historical information Anthropometric data Physical examination Laboratory tests Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

43. Nutrition Assessment Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

44. Nutrition Assessment of Individuals Primary deficiency vs. secondary deficiency Overt symptoms Subclinical deficiency –Covert symptoms Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

46. Nutrition Assessment of Populations National nutrition surveys National health goals –Healthy People 2000 –Healthy People 2010 Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

47. Nutrition Assessment of Populations Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

49. Diet and Health Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

50. Diet and Health Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

51. Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases Risk factors persists Risk factors cluster Risk factors in perspective Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

52. Nutrition Information and Misinformation Not everything on the Internet is true!! –Determination of the reliability of a website Not everything on the news is accurately reported!! Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

53. Nutrition Information and Misinformation American Dietetic Association (ADA) Registered dietitian (RD) Dietetic technician, registered (DTR) Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

55. Nutrition Information and Misinformation Finding credible information –Government health agencies –Volunteer health agencies reputable consumer groups –Reputable consumer groups Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

56. Nutrition Information and Misinformation Finding credible information –Professional health organizations –Professional journals Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

59. Nutrition Information and Misinformation Identifying misinformation Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning