1. Effetti Acuti Cardiovascolari ed Esercizio Fisico

2. 1.Fase preparatoria iniziale Stimolazione adrenergica Vasocostrizione distrettuale 2.Fase intermedia metabolica Fattori locali Stimolazione adrenergica Risposta Cardiovascolare allEsercizio Acuto

3. Fase preparatoria iniziale Fase preparatoria iniziale Stimolazione adrenergica (cuore) Stimolazione adrenergica (cuore) vasocostrizione distrettuale vasocostrizione distrettuale Risposta Cardiovascolare allEsercizio Acuto

4. Fase preparatoria iniziale Stimolazione adrenergica (cuore) Stimolazione adrenergica (cuore) Risposta Cardiovascolare allEsercizio Acuto

5. Resting, anticipatory, and maximum exercise heart rate in competitive runners and untrained subjects during all-out running Event Event 60 yards 220 yards 440 yards 880 yards 1 mile 2 mile REST T UT 6769 67 67 6363 6270 5864 59 74 ANTICIP ANTICIP T UT 148 124 130 115 129 118 122 129 118 128 108 109 EXERCISE T UT 177 162 191 186 187 189 186 194 195 198 206 199 T = Trained UT = Untrained McArdle W.D. Telemetred cardiac response to selected running events J. Appl. Physiol. 23:566,1967 J. Appl. Physiol. 23:566,1967

6. Integreted chemical,neural and hormonal adjustaments prior to and during exercise Activator Activator Activation of motor cortex and higer areas of brain causes increase in sympathetic outflow and reciprocal inhibition of parasympathetic activity Activation of motor cortex and higer areas of brain causes increase in sympathetic outflow and reciprocal inhibition of parasympathetic activity Response Response Acceleration of heart rate; increased myocardial contractility; vasodilatation in skeletal and heart muscle (cholinergic fibres); vasoconstriction in other areas, especially in skin,gut,spleen, liver and kidneys (adrenergic fibres); increase in arterial blood pressure. Acceleration of heart rate; increased myocardial contractility; vasodilatation in skeletal and heart muscle (cholinergic fibres); vasoconstriction in other areas, especially in skin,gut,spleen, liver and kidneys (adrenergic fibres); increase in arterial blood pressure. Preexerciseanticipatoryresponse

7. Integreted chemical,neural and hormonal adjustaments prior to and during exercise Continued sympathetic cholinergig outflow; alterations in local metabolic conditions due to hypoxia, pH, CO2, ADP, Mg++, Ca++, temperature. Continued sympathetic cholinergig outflow; alterations in local metabolic conditions due to hypoxia, pH, CO2, ADP, Mg++, Ca++, temperature. Continued sympathetic adrenergic outflow in conjunction with epineprhine and norepineprhine from the adrenal medulla Continued sympathetic adrenergic outflow in conjunction with epineprhine and norepineprhine from the adrenal medulla Further dilatation of muscle vasculature Concomitant constriction of vasculature in inactive tissues to maintain adeguate perfusion pressure throu ghout arterial system. Venous vessels stiffen to reduce their capacity. This venoconstrinction facilitates venous return and maintainsthe central blood volume ConditionEXERCISE Activator Response

8. Distribution of Flow at Rest and during Acute Exercise

9. 4% 1% 4% CRMS CRMS 5% Rest 3-5 Lmin Exercise 25-30 Lmin Distribution of Flow at rest and during Acute Exercise

11. Heart Rate in Response to Exercise Watts HR

13. Cardiovascular Response to Acute Exercise ( Stroke Volume)

14. Cardiovascular Response to Acute Exercise (Cardiac Output)

15. Cardiovascular Response to Acute Exercise

16. Cardiovascular Response to Exercise in Men and Women

17. Age and End Diastolic Volume during Acute Exercise

18. Change of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction from Rest to Exercise

19. Blood Pressure = CO x Peripheral Resistance In normal subjects exercise increases Cardiac Output and/or decreases Peripheral Resistance

20. Exercise and Blood Pressure in normal subjects Watts P.A.

21. Exercise and Blood Pressure normal subjects

22. Men < 20 Men > 20 Systolic Diastolic

23. Coronary Flow and Heart Rate HR Cor.Flow

24. Cardiovascular Response to Exercise Watts Coronary Flow Cc/min/100gr Myocardial O2 Cosumption cc/min/100gr

25. Effetti della Vasocostrizione sul Flusso Coronarico

26. Exercise,Vasoconstriction and Coronary Flow Vasoconstriction (Acute Exercise) 25% Radius 63% Area 17% Radius 96% Area

27. Effetti della Vasocostrizione sul Flusso Coronarico

28. H.R. b/min Recovery Cycloergometer Cardiovascular Response to Acute Exercise in trained subjects