1. Status of the SPARC project
Massimo Ferrario
INFN-LNF
On behalf of the SPARC team
* 31th LNF Scientific Committee Meeting - 29 November 05 *

2. SPARC Team
D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, M. Biagini, R. Boni, M. Boscolo, M. Castellano, A. Clozza, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, A. Esposito, M. Ferrario, D. Filippetto, V. Fusco, G. Gatti, A. Gallo, A. Ghigo, S. Guiducci, M. Incurvati, C. Ligi, M. Migliorati, L. Palumbo, L. Pellegrino, M. Preger, R. Ricci, C. Sanelli, M. Serio, F. Sgamma, B. Spataro, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, F. Tazzioli, C. Vaccarezza, M. Vescovi, C. Vicario, M. Zobov (INFN /LNF)
F. Alessandria, I. Boscolo, F. Broggi, S.Cialdi, C. DeMartinis, D. Giove, C. Maroli,
V. Petrillo, M. Romè, L. Serafini, (INFN /Milano)
M. Mattioli, G. Medici, P. Musumeci, M. Petrarca (INFN /Roma1)
L. Catani, E. Chiadroni, A. Cianchi (INFN /Roma2)
A. Cultrera, A. Perrone (INFN /Lecce)
F. Ciocci, G. Dattoli, L. Giannessi, L. Mezi, L. Picardi, M. Quattromini, A.Renieri, C. Ronsivalle (ENEA/FIS)
J. B. Rosenzweig, S. Reiche (UCLA)
P. Bolton, D. Dowell, P.Emma, P. Krejick, C. Limborg (SLAC)

3. LABORATORY
@ LNF-INFN

4. F. Sgamma, S. Tomassini

5. High Brightness electron beam generation
SASE FEL experiments
Advanced Accelerator Concepts

6. A Free Electron Laser is a device that converts electron kinetic energy into coherent radiation via a collective instability in an undulator

7. Undulator Radiation
The electron trajectory is determined by the undulator field and the electron energy
The electron trajectory is inside the radiation cone if

8. Relativistic Mirrors TUNABILITY Counter propagating pseudo-radiation
Compton back-scattered radiation in the moving mirror frame
Doppler effect in the laboratory frame
TUNABILITY

10. Self-Amplified-Spontaneous-Emission
Free Electron Laser
Self-Amplified-Spontaneous-Emission
(No Mirrors - Tunability - Harmonics)

11. SASE Experimental results
LEUTL
APS/ANL
385 nm
September 2000
Since September 2000
3 SASE FEL’s demonstration
TTF-FEL
DESY
98 nm
VISA
ATF/BNL
840 nm
March 2001

12. Single Pass FEL Projects
TTF / XFEL
XFEL
4GLS
MIT / Bates
LEUTL
PAL – FEL
LUX
BESSY FEL
SCSS
LCLS
LEG
VISA / DUV
FERMI
SPARC / SPARX
SC technology / NC technology

13. SASE FEL Electron Beam Requirements: High Brightness Bn
 Bn K2
minimum radiation wavelength
energy
spread
undulator
parameter
gain length
R. Saldin et al. in Conceptual Design of a 500 GeV e+e- Linear Collider with Integrated X-ray Laser Facility, DESY

14. How to increase e- Brightness
bunch compressors
RF & magnetic
Pulse Shaping
New Working Point

15. SPARC Photoinjectors

16. Electron Photo-Injector

18. LASER SYSTEM RF Reference f/36 R&S 2,856 GHz Pumps Seed Line
Mira
Ti:Sa Oscillator
Hidra
CPA Ti:Sa Amplifier
RGA + 2 MP
THG
UV Stretcher
Verdi
Nd:YVO4
Continuum
Nd:Yag
Pumps
Seed Line
Evolution
Nd:YLF
Synchro Lock
PLL
RF Reference
R&S 2,856 GHz
DAZZLER
TeO2
Ext. Synch.
f/36
800 nm
50 mJ
10 Hz
100 fs
10 nJ
80 MHz
266 nm
4 mJ
10 Hz
1,8 mJ ps
LASER SYSTEM

19. CHARACTERIZATION : UPCONVERSION
BLUE SPECTRUM
SH-BLUE
400 nm
UV SPECTRUM
TH-UV
266 nm

20. Cross Correlation measurements
theory w t

21. Emittance Compensation: Controlled Damping of Plasma Oscillation
100 A ==> 150 MeV
Brillouin Flow
Hokuto Iijima

22. Matching onto the Local Emittance Max.,
Optimized matching
Final emittance = 0.4 mm
Matching onto the Local Emittance Max.,

23. Movable Emittance-Meter Concept

24. EMITTANCE-METER Completed Tested at PITZ
Installed at SPARC for Gun Beam measurements

25. Gun and emittance meter installed

28. GENESIS simulation of the SPARC SASE-FEL
Radiation power growth along the 530 nm

29. Project duration 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2002 - Stage I - FEASIBILITY
Project formulation
Feasibility Study
Strategy design
Approval
Stage II - PLANNING & DESIGN
Base design
Detailed Cost and schedule
Detailed planning
Major contracts for procurement
Stage III - CONSTRUCTION
Manufacturing
Delivery
Civil works
Installation
Stage IV - COMMISSIONING
& OPERATION
Final Testing
Commissioning
Operation

30. Collaborations and UE programs
SPARC
DESY
BNL
UCLA
SLAC
EUROFEL
PITZ
RF Compressor
Seeding
Synchronization

31. Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR)
E/E = 0
Dx = R16(s)DE/E
bend-plane emittance growth e– R z
coherent radiation for  > z
overtaking length: L0  (24szR2)1/3
E/E < 0 s x  L0 
Powerful radiation generates energy spread in bends
Causes bend-plane emittance growth
Energy spread breaks achromatic system

32. Velocity bunching concept

33. Average current vs RF compressor phase
LOW COMPRESSION
MEDIUM COMPRESSION
HIGH COMPRESSION
OVER-
COMPRESSION

35. <I> = 860 A
nx = 1.5 m

36. SEEDING

38. The SPARC Future ?!

39. Q-SASE
IFEL
MAMBO +
Channelling
SEEDING

40. APPROVED

41. The Frascati Laser for Acceleration and Multidisciplinary Experiments
laser pulses: 50 fs, 800 nm >100 Hz

42. synchronisation uncompressed pulse vacuum compressor acceleration
chamber
detectors
area
control
& data
LINAC
UNDULATOR

43. Ex @ 22Elas (1-cos)
Produzioni di impulsi X : 109 fotoni/s,
3 ps, monocromatici tunabili nel range 20 keV - 1 MeV
Studi di tecniche di mammografia (e angiografia coronarica)
Studi di single molecule protein cristallography.

44. Mammography Monochromatic Beam Outlook
MaMBO Experiment:
Mammography Monochromatic Beam Outlook
La realizzazione di una immagine (su superficie 18x24 cm2) in tempi di 2600 s scende a 2.6 s con l’upgrade previsto su SPARC che porta il num. di fotoni a /s

46. SEEDING Q-SASE IFEL SASE Seeding Angstrom TTF-II 6 nm LCLS 0.1 nm
SASE
Seeding
Angstrom
TTF-II
6 nm
LCLS
0.1 nm
TESLA
X-FEL
0.1 nm

47. CONCLUSIONS
The SPARC&X projects will allow INFN to develop a robust cutting-edge R&D program:
- High quality electron beams from a LINAC
- Generation of new FEL radiation
- X-beam optics, handling, diagnostics, detectors
- Advanced Accelerator Concepts

48. - Generation of e-beams with photo-injectors
Know-how on LINACs
- Generation of e-beams with photo-injectors
- Beam phase-space manipulation
- RF-power, Acceleration and Transport
- Synchronization, Diagnostics & Control
Will allow INFN to contribute with wider and stronger expertise to the future ILC project.
Finally,
- 5 thesis/year
- 6 PhD
- 6 Contracts (Ass. Ric., Art. 23)
About 10 young Physicists and Engineers, with enthusiasm and motivations, are being educated in the field.

49. THE END

50. SPARC Project 7.5 +2.5 M€ (MIUR+INFN)
R&D program towards high brightness e-beam for SASE-FEL’s
SPARX Phase I M€ (MIUR+INFN)
- R&D towards an X-ray FEL-SASE source
- Test Facility at 10 nm with the Dafne Linac (SPARXINO)
SPARX Phase II 12 M€ ? (MIUR)
- Linac energy up-grade (1.5 GeV ?) -> 2 nm ?

53. Plasmon 14.5 m 1.5m 10.0 m 5.4 m Thomson quadrupoles dipoles
11º
10.0 m
5.4 m
quadrupoles
dipoles
Diagnostic
1-6 Undulator modules
Photoinjector
solenoid
RF sections
Plasmon
Thomson
RF deflector
collimator
25º