1. Session 211 Comparative Emergency Management Session 21 Slide Deck

2. Session 212 Session Objectives 1.Describe the Terms Command, Control, and Coordination in the Emergency Management Context 2.Present Several Incident Management Systems Used Throughout the World 3.Explain How Disaster Declarations Are Made

3. Session 213 Command Command = an authority to make someone or something do something In EM, command = the authority to make someone or something do something in light of the response requirements that exist Each task required in the response to a major disaster requires somebody or some agency to perform it –And for each, somebody to give the order –For somebody to give the order, there has to exist an established legal (statutory) or regulatory authority that instills the ability to do so

4. Session 214 Control Control is to command in that it refers to the power to direct or determine, or to manipulate The term has a slightly different connotation in EM –Control = the limits of the command authority of the individual or agency being described. –May be referred to as ‘Span of Control’ Command represents a vertical authority within an agency Control represents the horizontal reach of an official or agency (with regards to authority, responsibility, and accountability)

5. Session 215 Coordination Coordination involves the mechanisms to ensure that the incident is handled in an appropriate manner such that all incident response requirements are met. Command and control alone do not solve the problems associated with disaster incidents. Agency / individual responsible for incident management needs a mechanism to guide or facilitate response tasks in an organized manner Coordination = the cohesion of all disparate agencies and individuals working to bring about response and recovery of an incident

6. Session 216 2 Categories of Systems Incident Command and Control Systems Incident Coordination Systems

7. Session 217 Effective Emergency Management When there exists: Clear command authority Common terminology among all responders The ability for those in command to communicate The ability for all responders to communicate with each other A complete understanding of response requirements All necessary supplies, staff, equipment, and resources Ample trained staff Established agreements Systems to track and reimburse all expenses A clear channel for communication between emergency management and the public

8. Session 218 Effective Management System Creates a common operating picture Minimizes confusion Operates under established and singular authority Centralizes, manages, and accounts for resources Is efficient Addresses the needs of all stakeholders, including the public

9. Session 219 Command and Control System Goals Incident Command and Control Systems: –Considered ‘tactical level tools’ –Used to organize the process of completing tasks once it has been decided what should be done –Typically function by applying standard rules and authorities, according to an established organizational structure and hierarchy of responsibility and accountability, in order to carry out a prescribed group of response functions –Guided by policies that focus on enforcing authority relationships and on incident action planning –Allow for the flexibility to function under a range of different management structures and incident sizes

10. Session 2110 Typical C&C System Functions Command Logistics Operations Finance Planning

11. Session 2111 Coordination Systems Ensure that efforts are utilized in a manner that is: Cost-effective Equitable Informed Synchronized

12. Session 2112 Coordination System Characteristics Help agencies ensure that their efforts are not duplicative, nor do they leave areas devoid of needed coverage Allow different agencies and organizations to pool their people, resources, and capabilities Do not require any formal association between the agencies and organizations involved

13. Session 2113 Examples of Incident Command and Control Systems The Incident Command System (ICS) National Incident Management System (NIMS) The Coordinated Incident Management System (CIMS) Australasian Inter-Service Incident Management System (AIIMS) The British Columbia Emergency Response Management System (BCERMS) Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS)

14. Session 2114 International Coordination Obstacles: The host country government is unable to perform coordination Responding agencies do not wish to adhere to coordination mechanisms set up by the host government There is no host country government in place

15. Session 2115 International Disaster Stakeholders Host government NGOs Private sector Foreign governments International organizations International financial institutions

16. Session 2116 UNOCHA Participation as coordinator decreases the likelihood that: The host government would fear that a foreign government staff might be commanding operations within their sovereign borders The donor government fears that the host government might misuse or misappropriate donated goods Humanitarian assistance is distributed in an inequitable manner based upon social or cultural biases or preferences There is no common operating picture among all responding agencies and organizations

17. Session 2117 Disaster Declaration Mechanism by which governments acknowledge that response resources have become overwhelmed.