1. Phase Equilibria in the Ternary Ag-In-Pd-System Olga Semenova and Herbert Ipser Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Wien, Austria References [1] Y.C.Sun and Z.H.Lee, J.Mater.Sci: Materials in Medicine, 11 (2000), 301 [2] H.Falndorfer, J. Alloys and Comp. 336 (2002), 176 [3] T.B.Massalski, “Binary Alloys Phase Diagrams”, v.1, p.74 [4] C.Jiang and Z.-K.Liu, Metall. and Mater.Transac. A, 33A, (2202), 3597 [5] Z.Moser, W.Gasior, J.Pstrus, W.Zakulski, I.Ohnuma, X.J.Liu, Y.Inohana, and K.Ishida, J. Elecronic. Mater., 30 (2001), 1120 The phase equilibria in the ternary Ag-In-Pd system were studied by a combination of powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), metallography, and electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA). Ternary phase equilibria and phase compositions were determined within the isothermal sections at 200, 500 and 700 o C by powder X-ray diffractometry. Several samples were investigated by electron-probe microanalysis to fix the phase boundaries. For the construction of the liquidus surface in the entire composition range and the investigation of ternary phase reactions, samples were analyzed by differential thermal analysis. This study is a part of a project within the European COST 531 Action. Sample Composition at.%Ag at.%In at.%Pd Phase Temperature 200 o C 500 o C 700 o C Liquidus T L  (°C) T L , (°C) 1C 46.88 42.91 10.21  In 7 Pd 3 In 3 Pd 2 L  In 3 Pd 2 L InPd 745.0 737.4 2C 41.06 38.23 20.71 fcc InPd In 3 Pd 2 fcc InPd In 3 Pd 2 L InPd 952.0 952.0 3C 35.15 33.61 31.24  fcc InPd fcc InPd fcc InPd 1112.0 1111.3 4C 31.31 28.89 39,80 fcc InPd fcc InPd fcc InPd 1153.0 1163.1 5C 24.72 23.98 51.30 fcc InPd fcc InPd In 3 Pd 5 fcc InPd In 3 Pd 5 1200.0 1200.0 Sample Composition at.%Ag at.%In at.%Pd Phase Temperature 200 o C 500 o C 700 o C Liquidus T L  (°C) T L , (°C) 1D 22.39 62.76 14.85 L  In 7 Pd 3 L In 7 Pd 3 L In 3 Pd 2 770.0 730.0 2D 19.89 55.99 24.12 L  In 7 Pd 3 L In 3 Pd 2 L InPd In 3 Pd 2 927.0 878.0 3D 17.56 49.12 33.32   In 3 Pd 2 fcc InPd In 3 Pd 2 L InPd 1035.0 980.0 4D 15.33 41.72 42.95 fcc InPd In 3 Pd 2 fcc InPd fcc InPd 1154.0 1140.0 5D 12.57 34.96 52.47 fcc InPd fcc InPd InPd 1200.0 1200.0 Acknowlegment Financial support of this study by the Austrian Science Foundation (under project No. P15620- CHE) is gratefully acknowledged. Indium has been identified as a possible component of new lead-free solder alloys, Sn-10In-xAg or Sn-20In-xAg (Indalloy®). Since palladium or nickel- palladium alloys are frequently used as metallization in the production of electronic circuits the reaction products between Ag-In-Sn solders and palladium contacts are of interest. The ternary Ag-In-Pd system is the starting point for the elucidation of the quaternary Ag-In-Pd-Sn system. In this work the phase equilibria in the ternary Ag-In-Pd system at 200, 500 and 700°C were investigated. Two sets of samples were prepared by induction melting and then annealed at 200°C (2 weeks), 500°C (4 weeks) and 700°C (6 weeks). Table 1 Chemical and Phase Composition of Ag-In-Pd alloys of series C Table 2 Chemical and Phase Composition of Ag-In-Pd alloys of series D Fig.1. Ag-In-Pd Isothermal Cross Section at 200 o C XRD powder patterns were obtained with a Guinier-Huber film chamber using CuK  1 radiation and employing an internal standard of high purity Si for precise lattice parameters determination. For the construction of the corresponding ternary isotherms the experimental results of XRD, DTA, metallography, and EPMA investigations were combined. Ternary isothermal cross sections were constructed on the base of binary diagrams [1,2, 3, 4,5]. EPMA on polished samples was carried out on a Cameca SX 100 electron probe (Cameca, Courbevoie, France) applying wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS). The beam current was 20 nA at a voltage of 15 kV. For quantitative analysis Ag L , In L  and Pd L  characteristic X-ray lines were used. Pure Ag, Pd and the stoichiometric compound InSb served as a standard material for quantitative analysis. The EPMA data presented in Table 3. DTA measurements were carried out in evacuated quartz glass tubes on a DTA 404S/3 (Netzsch, Selb, Germany). A sample mass of about 0.3 g was used, and the heating rate was 2 K/min. Fig.3. Ag-In-Pd Isothermal Cross Section at 700 o C Fig.2. Ag-In-Pd Isothermal Cross Section at 500 o C Table 3 EPMA Data on the Phase Composition 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 80 90 90 90 90 90 60 90 80 70 80 80 70 70 70 70 60 60 60 60 60 50 50 50 50 50 40 40 40 40 40 30 30 30 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 90 10 10 10 100 0 0 0 0 010 10 90 80 80 70 60 40 30 20 50 3020100 90 80 40 50 70 80 40 0 10 20 30 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 706050 80 70 Ag In Ag Ag In Pd Pd Pd In fcc fcc+InPd 3 InPd InPd 3 InPd 2 In 3 Pd 2 In 3 Pd 5 fcc+InPd+In 3 Pd 5 ________ L+InPd+In 3 Pd 2 __ L+In 3 Pd 2 L L+InPd fcc+InPd L+fcc+InPd ____________________ fcc+InPd 2 +In 3 Pd 5 fcc+InPd 3 +InPd 2 _______________ In 3 Pd 2 InPd 3 InPd 2 In 3 Pd 5 fcc fcc fcc+InPd+In 3 Pd 5 L+In 7 Pd 3 +In 3 Pd 2 InPd InPd L L In 7 Pd 3 ____ fcc+InPd 3 +InPd 2 _______________ fcc+InPd 2 +In 3 Pd 5 _______________ fcc+InPd L+In 7 Pd 3 fcc+InPd+In 3 Pd 2 fcc+In 3 Pd 2 fcc+  fcc+  In 3 Pd 2  L+  L+  In 3 Pd 2 L+In 3 Pd 2   In 3 Pd 2 +In 7 Pd 3 fcc+InPd In 7 Pd 3 In 3 Pd 2 L+In 7 Pd 3  L+In 7 Pd 3  In 7 Pd 3 Ag 2 In  Ag 2 In fcc  fcc+InPd+In 3 Pd 5 fcc+InPd 2 +In 3 Pd 5 fcc+InPd 3 +InPd 2  In 3 Pd 2 fcc+InPd+In 3 Pd 2