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PHP Server-side Programming
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PHP PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor PHP is interpreted PHP code is embedded into HTML code interpreter is built into the web server Syntax is similar to C, Java, Perl PHP is open source, free, available for most platforms, popular
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What can you do with PHP Generate content as an HTML page is loaded (generate HTML code) Respond to a form with dynamic content Retrieve and display information from a database
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Where does the PHP code go? PHP code goes into a special element type in your HTML files. You can have multiple php elements in a page Code in the php element is sent to the php interpreter; everything else is assumed to be content
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HelloWorld in PHP PHP
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Here Documents Instead of using multiple print statements, use a here document print <<<_HTML_ … _HTML_ Everything between the two _HTML_ is printed
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Getting Dynamic Content from a Form Displaying form Your Name: PHP program that responds to form <?php print "Hello, "; // Print what was submitted in the form parameter called 'user' print $_POST['user']; print "!"; ?>
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Basics Syntax is similar to C and perl // /* */ and # for comments Statements are terminated by semicolon Whitespace insensitive Keywords are case-insensitive
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More Basics Variable names same as for Java with a $ in front can be assigned by value or by reference Untyped Use printf for output Just like in C
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Built-In Types Primitive boolean integer float string Compound array (similar to hash in perl) object - defined by a class Special types NULL resource
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Strings Use either double or single quotes for strings Use \ as an escape character Strings can extend over multiple lines Variable expansion will occur in double- quoted strings
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String functions trim removes leading and trailing whitespace strlen gives number of characters in the string == can be used to compare strings (case sensitive) strcasecmp() compares strings ignoring case (semantics of C strcmp) Use. for concatenation get substrings using substr( string, start, length)
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Numbers PHP distinguishes between integer and floating point values Usual set of arithmetic operations and assignment operators integer division can give floating point result Usual set of mathematical functions Other functions for things like formatting, type conversion, …
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Booleans False values are 0, 0.0, "0", "", false, NULL, array with 0 elements, object with 0 member variables everything else is true Usual set of comparison operators ( = >) work with strings Usual set of logical operators (! && ||)
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Control Statements Selection if ( cond) { … } elseif (cond2) { …} … else { … } also switch Loops while (cond) { … } do { … } while( cond); for (init; cond; update) { … } foreach() { … }
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Coming later Arrays Objects Functions Interacting with the OS Form processing Using databases
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Sources Learning PHP 5 by David Sklar Programming PHP by Rasmus Ledorf and Kevin Tatroe PHP home page http://www.php.net/
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