1. Image: NASA ECHAM5/6 projects by Quentin Bourgeois, Junbo Cui, Gabriela Sousa Santos, Tanja Stanelle C2SM’s research group - Isabelle Bey

2. Name (change on Slide Master) Main questions: Arctic pollution: Quentin Bourgeois (ECHAM5-HAMMOZ, ECHAM5.5- HAM2) Dust emissions and export (focus on Asia): Junbo Cui (ECHAM5.5- HAM2) Impact of anthropogenic emissions on climate (inc. global and regional water cycle, focus on biomass burning emissions, period 1800-2000): Gabriela Sousa Santos (IMBALANCE project, ECHAM5.5- HAM2) Influence of anthropogenic land cover change on climate and air quality: Tanja Stanelle (MAIOLICA project, ECHAM6-HAM…) 2C2SM

3. Name (change on Slide Master) 3C2SM Arctic pollution: Evaluating aerosol transport toward the Arctic:  Comparing seasonally averaged vertical profiles of extinction in the high and middle latitudes: Observed CALIOP instrument ECHAM5-HAMMOZ STD NEW ECHAM5-HAMMOZ simulation with new scavenging coefficients  Next steps: - Interannual variability in transport of pollution to the Arctic - Impact of aerosols on the climate in the simulation with new scavengng coefficients (ECHAM5.5-HAM2) - Accounting for snow darkening Bourgeois & Bey, JGR, in press 30-65°N 65-90°N Spring Summer

4. Name (change on Slide Master) 4 Dust emissions and export (focus on Asia) Comparing aerosol extinction from CALIOP and from ECHAM5.5-HAM2 CALIOP b b ECHAM5.5-HAM2 (Cheng et al. 2008 dust emission scheme) Total aerosol Dust i.a,b,c,d: 10 * 10 degree boxes selected along transport path. ii.1,2,3,4,5,6: ground based monitoring sites.

5. Name (change on Slide Master) Impact of anthropogenic emissions on climate: Currently performing a number of Mixed Layer Ocean (MLO) simulations with new ACCMIP (IPCC) anthropogenic emissions 5C2SM Simulations Anthropogenic processes Variables Control 2000s BC, OC, SO2, SOA precursors S1 2000s BC, OC, SO2 S2 2000s BC, OC, SO2, new in-cloud scavenging parameters S3 1950s BC, OC, SO2, SOA precursors S4 1900s BC, OC, SO2, SOA precursors S5 1850s BC, OC, SO2, SOA precursors S6 1850s BC, OC, SO2 S7 tbd BC, OC, SO2, SOA precursors, land use parameters

6. Name (change on Slide Master) Surface temperature and precipitation 6C2SM Impact of anthropogenic emissions on climate: Preliminary results:

7. Name (change on Slide Master) Aerosol and Gas-Phase Chemistry Module (HAMMOZ) Land Surface Component (JSBACH) General Circulation Model (ECHAM6) GHG & aerosol concentrations, Aerosol effect on clouds Albedo, Roughness length, Heat and moist fluxes, LAI, etc. Temperature, Humidity, etc. Natural Emission Module e.g., Biogenic organic compounds, Mineral dust, soil NO x Winds, Temperature, Radiation, etc. Emission fluxes Vegetation types, LAI, roughness length, moist fluxes Influence of anthropogenic land cover change on climate and air quality

8. Name (change on Slide Master) 8C2SM Implementation of a dependency of natural emission routines on the land surface scheme of ECHAM6 Dust emission routine − New calculation of potential source areas (using JSBACH land cover description) − Use of roughness length computed by the model instead of constant (default) or satellite derived values BVOCs emission scheme − New calculation of emission factors for idealized conditions − If time available: use another BVOC scheme to consider dependence of isoprene emissions on CO 2 (scheme of A. Arneth)

9. Name (change on Slide Master) 9C2SM Isoprene: Emission factors for idealized conditions Isoprene emission factor for idealized conditions in µg/(m 2 h) New Preliminary result! Original file: Derived from external vegetation map (Guenther et al. (2006) No interannual variations New file: Derived from vegetation map used in JSBACH Variations with respect to used vegetation map (1 st step: offline version, if running with dynamic vegetation, online version will be necessary)

10. Name (change on Slide Master) BACKUP SLIDES 10C2SM

11. Name (change on Slide Master) Main questions: How does the model reproduce transport of pollution towards and pollution in the Arctic? ECHAM5-HAMMOZ, ECHAM5.5-HAM2 − Quentin Bourgeois How does the model reproduce dust emissions and export with a focus over Asia? ECHAM5.5-HAM2 − Junbo Cui How does anthropogenic emissions (of aerosols) have influenced past changes in climate inc. the global and regional water cycle, including a focus on biomass burning emissions? IMBALANCE project, ECHAM5.5-HAM2 − Gabriela Sousa Santos How does anthropogenic land cover change influence climate and air quality? MAIOLICA project, ECHAM6-HAM? − Tanja Stanelle 11C2SM

12. Name (change on Slide Master) JSBACH: Only land points are considered, grid box is divided in up to 13 different tiles 8 different land cover classes: bare soil, glacier, lake, natural forest, natural grassland, other natural vegetation (shrubs, Tundra, Swamp), crops, pastures Dust emissions will be considered as possible in areas with bare soil, natural grassland, other natural vegetation, crops, and pastures Computation of dust emission flux for each land class separately, than weighting and summing up to total dust flux of grid cell. Bare soil ForestShrubsPasture/grass Crop Bare soil = 1 – veg_ratio_max Shrubs 1-exp(-laimax/2) Tiles e.g. grass Seeding harvest time LAI crop

13. Name (change on Slide Master) Land cover (-> BVOC, dust, NOx) Anthr. emissions (industry, traffic …) Concentration of methane and CO 2 A1 (ctrl) 1600 A2(1700),1800, 1900, 2000, 2100 1600 A32000, 2100 Planned Studies: Set A: Sensitivity experiments with ECHAM6-HAMMOZ-MLO Initial conditions for MLO for 1600 A1 100 years, A2 and A3 60 years Set B: “Radiative forcing”, use of ECHAM6-HAMMOZ Restart from Millennium run (SST; SIC) Start: 1 st of January 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, and 2100 11 years (including 1 year spin-up)

14. Name (change on Slide Master) Tanja Stanelle, Isabelle Bey Scientific questions:  What is the impact of anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) on climate through changes in emission of short- lived species (e.g. BVOC → production of ozone and SOA) and aerosols (e.g. Dust)  How important is ALCC for radiative forcing beyond CO 2 and albedo effects?  How will emissions and concentrations of dust particles, BVOC (→ SOA), and ozone change due to climate change? Study is integrated in the MAIOLICA project 14C2SM

15. Name (change on Slide Master) MLO simulations: 50 m mixed layer H – net surface heat flux