1. Knowledge Compilation from the Web

2. Some Examples  Finding relationships  Discovering micro-communities  Creating concept hierarchies

3. Finding Relationships Using Association Rules Input: Crawl of about 1 million pages

4. Association Rules  I = {i 1, i 2,..., i k } : a set of literals, called items.  Transaction T : a set of some items in I.  Database D: a set of transactions.  An association rule is an implication of the form X => Y, where X, Y are in I. – The rule X => Y holds in the database D with confidence c if c% of transactions in D that contain X also contain Y. – The rule X => Y has support s in the transaction set D if s% of transactions in D contain X U Y.  Find all rules that have support and confidence greater than user-specified minimum support and minimum confidence.

5. Discovering Micro-communities  Japanese elementary schools  Turkish student associations  Oil spills off the coast of Japan  Australian fire brigades  Aviation/aircraft vendors  Guitar manufacturers Frequently co-cited pages are related. Pages with large bibliographic overlap are related. complete 3-3 bipartite graph

6. Creating Concept Hierarchies  Nested list structures in the link pages (my links, cool links, etc.) are great sources for discovering concept hierarchies  The current manual approaches will not scale  Start with automated techniques and use mass collaboration to refine and correct

7. Reassertion  We must make semantic web happen  Don’t lose sight of performance and scaling  Database and data mining literature may have much to offer

8. Making Semantic Web Real: Call for Action  Define architecture with interfaces  Let different communities contribute pieces  Don’t overdesign --- let it grow organically