1. 1 Targeted execution enabling increased power efficiency John Goodacre Director, Program Management ARM Processor Division August 2009 MPSoC 2009 Anirban Lahiri Adya Shrotriya Nicolas Zea Technology Researchers This project in ARM is in part funded by ICT-eMuCo, a European project supported under the Seventh Framework Programme (7FP) for research and technological development

2. 2 Interesting System Configurations…

3. 3 Background  Smooth transition between energy and performance levels  Reduced loss due to leakage power as cores can be switched off  Addresses the application performance diversity Power Voltage (V) 0.80.91.0 1.1 MIPS 100200300 400700800900 1000 Disclaimer : The plots are indicative of practical architectures and systems. Big Core Little Core Big Core Little Core Power Voltage (V) 0.80.91.0 1.1 Big Core Tasks Little Core Tasks High Performance Applications Low-power Applications Fig 1c : Diversity of Multitask Workloads Fig 1b : Power-Performance Diversity of Single Task Workloads Fig 1a : Power at Peak performance per Operating Voltage 1.2 Big-Switch Power Aware SMP Scheduled

4. 4 Analyzing Diversity  Code compatibility (due to uniform ISA) ensures easy dynamic task migration (Fig 2a)  Task migration for power efficiency based on required performance (Fig 2b). Example shows a set of tasks T 1 – T 5 MIPS Time 200 400 600 800 1000 Performance (Avg. MIPS) Power (mW) Big Core Little Core 200 400 600 800 1000 Power (mW) Core Executing the Task MIPS Fig 2b : Task migrations over time based on performance requirement in a Multitask Workload  Prevents smaller tasks from corrupting high performance task execution. E.g. Task T 1 in Fig 2b.  Important to further analyse temporal effects of SoC power Fig 2a : Single task migrating across cores over time T1T1 T2T2 T3T3 T4T4 T5T5 T3T3 T4T4 Time T2T2 T5T5 T3T3 T2T2 T1T1 T3T3 T4T4 T1T1 T5T5

5. 5 Methodologies Being Utilized C Code App / OS (Parallel / SMP ?) ARMCC / GCC System Generator RTL Netlist Emulator (Palladium) Simulation (PowerTheater) On-board Execution Simulator RV Cache Models Execution Trace Cache Hit / Miss Ratio OS Behaviour OS - Profiler Execution Trace Power per H/w Unit Cache Hit / Miss Ratio Power Estimation Model Power Estimation Model Compare Accuracy Power Estimation Model Flow 1 (High-level Simulation) Flow 2 (Hardware Emulation) Flow 3 (Low-level Simulation) Using RVT Statistical Methods

6. 6 Software Model Considerations Power Aware SMPBig-Switch Level of OS modificationRequires affinity to be driven by performance requirement Potentially no changes required Maximum power saveCan operate as big- switch too Little and big core need performance continuum Level of task diversity and peak performance Enable better scalabilityLimited to performance of single CPU Implementation complexity OS needs a speculative understanding of performance demands Invisible to OS, operates similar to interrupt service routine Management Responsibility OS performance monitorApplication dependent FlexibilitySMP / AMP designsSingle CPU only

7. 7 Summary Expectations Application Scenario Power-Aware SMP Scheduled Big-SwitchBig-Core OnlyLittle Core Only Big-Task (700MIPS) 520mW Big-Core (500mW @ 0.8V) + Little-Core (20mW Leakage) Big-Core (500mW @ 0.8V) Big-Core (500mW @ 0.8V) - Small-Task (350MIPS) 250mW Big-Core (50mW Leakage) + Little-Core (200mW @ 0.8V) Little-Core (200mW) Big-Core (500mW) Little-Core (200mW) 1 Big-Tasks + 3 Small Tasks (1100MIPS) 700mW Big-Core (500mW @ 0.8V) + Little-Core (200mW @ 0.8V) Big Core (750mW @ 1.1V) Big Core (750mW @ 1.1V) - 3 Big-Tasks + 5 Small Tasks (1400MIPS) 950mW Big-Core (750mW @ 1.1V) + Little-Core (200mW @ 0.8V) --- Operating Voltage (Volts) 0.80.91.01.1 Big-Core MIPS at Peak Frequency 7008009501100 Little-Core MIPS at Peak Frequency 350400450500 Big-Core Power at Peak Frequency (mW) 500575600750 Little-Core Power at Peak Frequency (mW) 200250300350 Possible Power savings up to 50% Performance enhancements up to 30% seen by reducing corruption of high performance tasks Key to still understand the costs of migration

8. 8 Thank you