1. Slide 1.1 7/15/2015 12:15:18 PM © Foster U:\Class_Presentations\1_Class.PPT Class 1 - Introduction Part 1 - Contact Before Work10 min Part 2 - Review the Web Page15 min Part 3 - Course Packet Review 10 min Part 4 - Review the 10 min ‘Learning Objectives’ Break10 min Part 4 - Review the ‘Framework’ 25 min Part 5 - Review Newton’s Laws15 min Part 6 - Closure5 min

2. Slide 1.2 7/15/2015 12:15:18 PM © Foster U:\Class_Presentations\1_Class.PPT Contact Before Work In class, you will work in sub-teams of two persons; 1 sub-team per computer. Introduce yourself to the person sharing a computer with you today. Briefly discuss what you expect to learn from this class.

3. Slide 1.3 7/15/2015 12:15:18 PM © Foster U:\Class_Presentations\1_Class.PPT Begin With the End in Mind : Class Learning Objectives Achieve Awareness DoI for the Learning Objectives for this class. Demonstrate Knowledge LoL for the 13 Extensive Properties that are ‘conserved’ or can be ‘accounted for’. Demonstrate Knowledge LoL for Newton’s first three laws.

4. Slide 1.4 7/15/2015 12:15:18 PM © Foster U:\Class_Presentations\1_Class.PPT Break Be back with your team, ready to work, in 10 minutes : remember our ECE 340 Class Code of Cooperation !

5. Slide 1.5 7/15/2015 12:15:18 PM © Foster U:\Class_Presentations\1_Class.PPT The Framework SURROUNDINGS ( ‘OUTSIDE’ ) SYSTEM BOUNDARY ACCUMULATED or GENERATED / CONSUMED ( ‘INSIDE‘ ) OUTPUT INPUT x y z

6. Slide 1.6 7/15/2015 12:15:18 PM © Foster U:\Class_Presentations\1_Class.PPT The Framework (Continued) A general conservation or accounting statement. How what’s ‘inside’ can change. ( A general view ) What extensive properties do we ‘count’? How can the amount of each of these properties contained ‘inside’ the system change? What events occurring ‘outside’ ( in the surroundings ) caused the change ‘inside’ the system?

7. Slide 1.7 7/15/2015 12:15:18 PM © Foster U:\Class_Presentations\1_Class.PPT Verbal Accounting Statement CAUSE ( IN SURROUNDINGS and SYSTEM ) = EFFECT ( ON SYSTEM ) E.P. = EXTENSIVE PROPERTY ( e.g., TOTAL MASS ) { Amount of E.P. entering system during time period }{ Amount of E.P. leaving system during time period } - + { Amount of E.P. contained within system at the end of the time period }{ Amount of E.P. contained within system at the beginning of the time period } { Accumulation of E.P. within system during time period } = - Where the accumulation is defined as: Amount of E.P. generated within system during time period { Amount of E.P. consumed within system during time period } { Amount of Accumulation of E.P. within system during time period } - = { }

8. Four Equivalent Statements Defining Conservation A Property is Conserved if the amount of that Property contained in the System plus the amount contained in the Surroundings is always Constant. A Property is Conserved if Generation and Consumption within the System are always Zero. A Property is Conserved if the amount of that Property in the Universe is always Constant. A Property is Conserved if, in an isolated system, the Amount of that Property is always Constant. An isolated System is one in which nothing crosses the System Boundary. This last version is the form usually stated (although not this explicitly) in physics texts. N.B.: Nothing in these statements implies that the amount of a conserved property contained in the system is always constant. The amount may change due to exchange with the surroundings. The amount may not change, however, by generation or consumption.

9. Slide 1.9 7/15/2015 12:15:18 PM © Foster U:\Class_Presentations\1_Class.PPT Means of Changing the Amount of an Extensive Property Contained within the System Extensive Properties Modes for System Exchange 1. Mass 2. Elemental Mass 3. Reactive Species 4. Net Charge 5. + Charge 6. - Charge 7. Linear Momentum 8. Angular Momentum 9. Total Energy 10. Mechanical Energy 11. Electrical Energy 12. Thermal Energy 13. Entropy Possible Modes for Exchange Between the System and the Surroundings I / O = Input / Output G / C = Generated / Consumed Mechanical Energy includes the energy associated with ‘Shaft’ Work, Kinetic and Potential Energy, as well as “ Pressure, ‘Pv’ or ‘Flow’ Work “. Thermal Energy includes the energy associated with molecular collisions, both random collisions between the molecules of two or more bodies and collisions associated with Dynamic as well as Fluid Friction.

10. Slide 1.10 7/15/2015 12:15:18 PM © Foster U:\Class_Presentations\1_Class.PPT Class 1 - ‘Report Out’ (15 min) When your name is called: –Stand and read your response to the question. –State any assumptions that you made. –Summarize any questions that you may have.

11. Slide 1.11 7/15/2015 12:15:18 PM © Foster U:\Class_Presentations\1_Class.PPT Means of Changing the Amount of an Extensive Property Contained within the System I / O = Input / Output ; G / C = Generated / Consumed Extensive PropertiesModes for System Exchange 1. Total Mass 1. I / O ( mass ) 2. Elemental Mass 2. I / O ( mass ) 3. Reactive Species 3. I / O ( mass ), G / C 4. Net Charge 4. I / O ( charge & current > mass! ) 5. + Charge 5. I / O, G / C ( charge & current ) 6. - Charge 6. I / O, G / C ( charge & current ) 7. Linear Momentum 7. I / O ( mass & forces ) 8. Angular Momentum 8. I / O ( mass & torque ) 9. Total Energy 9. I / O ( mass, heat, & work ) 10. Mechanical Energy10. I / O, G / C ( see list ) 11. Electrical Energy11. I / O, G / C ( charge & current ) 12. Thermal Energy12. I / O, G / C ( see list ) 13. Entropy13. I / O, G ( irreversible processes)

12. Slide 1.12 7/15/2015 12:15:18 PM © Foster U:\Class_Presentations\1_Class.PPT Forces and Newton’s Laws Force : A force must somehow be connected with the interaction between two things. Newton's First Law : (Dynamics) It takes a net unbalance of of force to produce acceleration of the object on which the forces act; (‘Statics’) if the forces are balanced (i.e., if the vector sum is zero), the object will not accelerate. Every body sill remain in a state of uniform motion unless acted on by external forces. Newton’s Second Law (... Dynamics … no motion or constant motion NOT !!!! acceleration!!) F = d( m v )/dt = m a if the mass is constant. Newton's Third Law (... 'Statics'... no motion OR constant motion !!!! ) If one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts an equal but opposite force on the first.

13. Slide 1.13 7/15/2015 12:15:18 PM © Foster U:\Class_Presentations\1_Class.PPT A Display the essential features of the problem in a(xx min) labeled sketch. Include an appropriate coordinate system. B Identify an appropriate system ( or systems ).( x min) C What extensive properties are to be accounted for ( x min) or conserved? D What is an appropriate time period for this problem?( x min) E State the applicable balances for the extensive properties (xx min) in tabular form. F Delineate the specifications, data, and defining relationships.(xx min) G Analyze the model ( i.e., count variables, equations, etc.(xx min) to determine if the problem can be solved ) H Make appropriate assumptions and quantify the behavior.( ? min) Structure for ‘Doing the Work’

14. Slide 1.14 7/15/2015 12:15:18 PM © Foster U:\Class_Presentations\1_Class.PPT The Equations

15. Slide 1.15 7/15/2015 12:15:18 PM © Foster U:\Class_Presentations\1_Class.PPT The Equations

16. Slide 1.16 7/15/2015 12:15:18 PM © Foster U:\Class_Presentations\1_Class.PPT Model Analysis 1. Model Variables From the Sketch … From Equation 1... From Equation 2, etc. …. 2. Analysis Variables - Equations _______ Remaining Unknowns - Data - Specifications - Parameters - Initial Conditions - Independent Variables _______ Design Variables; Solvable ?