1. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Welcome To Astronomy 110 Instructor : Thomas Dixon –Email : dixon@ifa.hawaii.edu –http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~dixon/courses/astro110-summer-2011.htmhttp://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~dixon/courses/astro110-summer-2011.htm –For course guide, class schedule and lectures. Course Time: MTWRF, 1030-1145am Room: WAT 112 Course CRN : 90327 Duration: 07/05-08/12 The final exam will be in the final class of the session.

2. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Welcome To Astronomy 110 Office Hours –Immediately after classes … see me at the end class to arrange. Required Materials –Lecture-Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy, 2 nd edition, Edward E. Prather et al. –The Essential Cosmic Perspective Bennett (comes with bundled material at UH Manoa bookstore). –MasteringAstronomy.com access kit (comes bundled with the textbook at the bookstore, or you can sign up on-line with your credit card.)

3. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Typical Class Format A lecture with interactive questions and discussion. Followed by a tutorial, using –‘Lecture-Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy, 2 nd edition., Edward E. Prather et al.’ –So you must buy the 2 nd edition of this book ASAP. –You will be working in pairs when you do the tutorial exercises. –But I will provide assistance if needed. –The answers you write in the tutorial book will become your text book … Use it for revision. –Many exam questions will be similar to those in this book.

4. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Course Assessment Homework average 20%. –Short homeworks twice per week. –No late homework accepted. Student Projects 20% (see course web site). Class Participation Credit 10%. –Sign-in before each class starts. Exams based on Lectures, homeworks, class questions and lecture tutorials. –First Mid-term 10%. –Second Mid-term 10%. –Final Exam 30%. –Exams will usually have some extra credit questions. You will not be graded on a curve.

5. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. How to succeed in this course Come to class. –We will be doing exam questions almost everyday in class. Read the text book as we go. Do the questions in the tutorial book. –Also, try tutorials on the mastering astronomy website. Work in pairs\groups. –But remember whatever you submit must be in your own words. If you have a course related problem, let me know ASAP. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~acskills/success/index.html –You may find this site useful to assess how you learn.

6. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Some Course Topics The Sun. Phases of the Moon and lunar eclipses. The solar system and its formation. Star birth and death. Black holes. Galaxy formation. The structure of the Universe. The big bang. Planets around other stars. The search for ET.

7. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Our Place in the Universe

8. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. What is our place in the universe? Our “cosmic address”

9. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. A large, glowing ball of gas that generates heat and light through nuclear fusion Star

10. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Planet A moderately large object that orbits a star; it shines by reflected light. Planets may be rocky, icy, or gaseous in composition. Uranus Mars

11. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Moon (or satellite) An object that orbits a planet Ganymede (orbits Jupiter)

12. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Asteroid A relatively small and rocky object that orbits a star Computer model from RADAR Measurements

13. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Comet A relatively small and icy object that orbits a star

14. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Solar (Star) System A star and all the material that orbits it, including its planets and moons

15. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Nebula An interstellar cloud of gas and/or dust

16. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Galaxy A great island of stars in space, all held together by gravity and orbiting a common center M31, the Great Galaxy in Andromeda M31, the great galaxy in Andromeda

17. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Universe The sum total of all matter and energy; that is, everything within and between all galaxies

18. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. How did we come to be?

19. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. How did we come to be?

20. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. How did we come to be?

21. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. How did we come to be?

22. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. How can we know what the universe was like in the past? Light travels at a finite speed (300,000 km/s). Thus, we see objects as they were in the past: The farther away we look in distance, the further back we look in time. DestinationLight travel time Moon1 second Sun8 minutes Sirius8 years Andromeda Galaxy2.5 million years

23. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Definition: Light-Year The distance light can travel in 1 year About 10 trillion kilometers (6 trillion miles)

24. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. At great distances, we see objects as they were when the universe was much younger.

25. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Example: This photo shows the Andromeda Galaxy. Question: When will we be able to see Andromeda as it is now? A.Never. B.2.5 million years from now. C.Today. D.There is no way to know.

26. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Put these objects in the correct order, from nearest to farthest from Earth: A.The Moon, Mars, the Sun, the nearest stars, Pluto B.The Moon, Mars, the Sun, Pluto, the nearest stars C.The Moon, the Sun, Mars, Pluto, the nearest stars D.Mars, the Moon, the Sun, the nearest stars, Pluto

27. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Which is farther, the distance from San Francisco to Los Angeles, or the distance from you to the space shuttle if the shuttle passes directly overhead? A.San Francisco – LA is further B.The space shuttle is further

28. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Put these objects in the correct order, from nearest to farthest from Earth: A.The Sun, the Milky Way, Sirius, Jupiter, the Andromeda galaxy B.The Sun, Sirius, Jupiter, the Andromeda galaxy, the Milky Way C.The Sun, Jupiter, Sirius, the Milky Way, the Andromeda galaxy D. Jupiter, the Sun, Sirius, the Milky Way, the Andromeda galaxy

29. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Can we see the entire universe?

30. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Thought Question A.No galaxies exist at such a great distance. B.Galaxies may exist at that distance, but their light would be too faint for our telescopes to see. C.Looking 15 billion light-years away means looking to a time before the universe existed. Why can’t we see a galaxy 15 billion light-years away? (Assume the universe is 14 billion years old.)

31. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Let’s reduce the size of the solar system by a factor of 10 billion; the Sun is now the size of a large grapefruit (14 cm diameter). How big is Earth on this scale? A.an atom B.the tip of a ballpoint pen C.a marble D.a golf ball

32. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. The scale of the solar system On a 1-to-10 billion scale: —Sun is the size of a large grapefruit (14 centimeters). —Earth is the size of a tip of a ballpoint pen, 15 meters away. Relative Distance of the Nearest Star

33. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Scales and Sizes In Astronomy Mercury’s distance from the Sun. Is about half the Sun-Earth distance. It is half and Astronomical Unit. The star Sirius is about twice as massive as the Sun We say it has a mass of two solar masses. Sirius is about 25 times more luminous than the Sun. We say it has a luminosity of twenty-five solar luminosities.

34. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. How far away are the stars? On our 1-to-10 billion scale, it’s just a few minutes’ walk to Pluto. How far would you have to walk to reach Star? A.1 mile B.10 miles C.100 miles D.the distance across the United States (2500 miles)

35. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. How big is the Milky Way Galaxy? The Milky Way has about 100 billion stars. On the same 1-to-10 billion scale… The Size of the Milky Way

36. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Thought Question How long would it take you? A.a few weeks B.a few months C.a few years D.a few thousand years Suppose you tried to count the more than 100 billion stars in our galaxy, at a rate of one per second…

37. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. How big is the universe? The Milky Way is one of about 100 billion galaxies. 10 11 stars/galaxy  10 11 galaxies = 10 22 stars It has as many stars as grains of (dry) sand on all Earth’s beaches.

38. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Tutorial Now work on the Sun Size Tutorial. Page 105-107.

39. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Summary A light year is a measure of distance (it is NOT a time). When we observe distant objects we see them as they were in the past. 1 Astronomical Unit is the average Earth- Sun distance.