1. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004

2. BVIBVI SN1a are standardizable candles: Bright = slow Dim = fast One parameter yields 10% luminosity distances SNIa Similarity and Diversity

3. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 Luminosity Distance and Cosmological Parameters (Impress the ignorant) (See what’s going on)

4. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 Z  (m-M) 0.5 0.13 +/- 0.05 1.0 0.00 +/- 0.08 1.5 -0.10 +/- 0.10 (speculative!) Luminosity Distances: 0.5 < z < 1.5 Z=0.5 Z=1.0 Z=1.5

5. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 SNIa – Results in 1998

6. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 Fall 2001 Continuous Search Barris et al. 2004

7. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 SNIa - Results in 2003

8. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 2dF:  M h = 0.2 ± 0.03 KP: h = 0.72 ± 0.08 Constraints on  M,  , and w

9. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 Higher z with ACS and GOODS 5 z-band epochs, spaced by 45 days, simultaneous v,i band, 120 tiles CDFS=08/02-02/03 HDFN=11/02-05/03 (Adam Riess, PI)

10. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 2003ak (1.57) 2002fz (0.839) 2003aj (1.4) 2002ga (0.988) 2002kb (0.474) 2002fv (~1.0) 2002lg (0.61) 2002fw (1.3) 2002hs (0.388) 2002hp (1.3) 2002hq (0.74) 2002kd (0.735) 2002fx (~1.8) 2003al (0.91) 2002ke (0.578) 2002kc (0.214) 2002hr (0.526) 2002fy (0.88) 2002ht (?) CDFS 2003dz (0.48) 2003er (0.63) 2003be (0.64) 2003dx (0.46) 2003bb (0.89) 2003bc (0.51) 2003ew (0.66) 2003eu (0.76) 2003ba (0.47) 2002kh (0.71) 2003et (0.83) 2003en (0.54) 2003es (0.968) 2003en (0.54) 2003dy (1.37) 2003ea (0.89) Vilas (0.86) 2003eb (0.92) 2003bd (0.67) 2003eq (0.85) 2002kl (0.39) 2003az (1.27) 2002ki (1.14) HDFN

11. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 Aphrodite: ACS Delivers! Aphrodite (z=1.3) ACS grism spectrum NICMOS F110W ACS F850lp viz

12. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 Images Subtractions discovery Thoth: Hidden by its Host red, elliptical host z=1.3

13. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 Gilgamesh z=1.6 ACS f850lp NICMOS F110W F160W discovery~+10 days ~+20 days

14. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 HST: Crucial for z > 1! Ground-based z=1.06 z=1.20 HST+ACS: z=1.30

15. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 The New SN Ia Hubble Diagram 97ff 6 of the 7 highest redshift SNIa

16. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 The Cosmic Acceleration Persists

17. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 … and the Contours for  Shrink.

18. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 The Nature of Dark Energy isWhat is this stuff??? Three clues: –Quantity  (flat?) –Quality w (-1?) –Constancy dw/dt (0?) w w present acceleration past deceleration

19. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 SNIa Progenitors and Gestation Dahlen et al. 2004Strolger et al. 2004 Still a big mystery!

20. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 Progress on Dark Energy using SNIa Essential for –w 0, w’ constraints –Progess in systematics: Host galaxies Colors (rest frame UV) SNxx contamination Spectra Evolution –Progenitors and IC’s Want >10,000, need 1000 Wide field, optical colors Essential for –w 0, w’ constraints –Immunity to systematics Want 300, need 30 Use z, J, H, and grism Challenge is improving search efficiency z > 1 HST only z < 1 Ground based z d 1

21. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 Ground-based Searches Project Start - End GPixHarvestClrsSampling Essence CTIO 4m 2001 - 2005 0.06 40 per yr 2 2 week campaign CFHTLS CFHT 3.6m 2003 - 2008 0.4 200 per yr 3 2 week campaign Pan-STARRS Telescope #1 2006 - 2007 1 100 per mo 5 Every 4 days Pan-STARRS2007 -4 1000 per mo 5 Every 4 days

22. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 Pan-STARRS Survey Comparison Coverage log(deg 2 ) Limiting magnitude

23. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 Constraints on w Pan-STARRS – 1 year

24. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 SNIa Distances without Redshifts Barris et al. 2004

25. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 SNIa Distances without Redshifts Barris et al. 2004

26. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 Distance and Redshift from SNIa Photometry Alone Barris et al. 2004

27. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 The Nature of Dark Energy, II Cosmological Constant –Consistent with the observations at 1-  –All theorists hate it w

28. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 Supernova Systematics Uninteresting (avoidable) –Photometry error (0.03  0.01) –UV SEDs (0.05  0.00) –Poor LC coverage (0.04  0.00) –Host extinction (0.06  0.03) Interesting (intrinsic) –SN1a: progenitor, initial conditions, trigger (z) –Host extinction and properties (z) –Gravitational lensing (z) –Transparency of IGM (z)

29. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 Hoeflich et al. Niemeyer et al. Turbulent flame consuming a white dwarf Luminosity-decline rate Spectra Theoretical Models for SNIa

30. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 What Causes the Diversity? Progenitors may have different –Mass (luminosity ~ 56 Ni mass) –Metallicity (Z   n   56 Ni  ) –Age ( 22 Ne sedimentation?) –Binary companion (???) –Mass transfer mechanism (???) Explosion may have different –Trigger mechanism (???) –Propagation (deflagration/detonation, “weather”, etc) Good news: –Chandresekhar mass and NSE make explosions quite uniform (~50% and 1 parameter gets us to ~20%) Bad news: –Plenty of room for unknown systematics at the 2% level

31. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 Models are Un(der)constrained Understanding the explosion is not enough Need explosion mechanism and initial conditions –A small fraction of WD explode –WDs which do explode wait a long time Initial conditions could easily depend on z –Age of the Universe –Galaxy interaction rate –Star formation rate –Metallicity

32. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 Constraints on w Pan-STARRS – 1 year

33. PS Lunch Talk 01 Dec 2004 Constraints on w 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 mag systematic