1. ELC 200 Day 21

2. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 2 Agenda I have decided to add one more assignment (9 total) –I will drop the lowest assignment score of the nine (leaving 8 scores) Assignment 7 is on Ethics –Due April 8 at start of class –Complete the following Grey Matters in Computer Ethics.doc Quiz 3 will be on April 8 –Change from April 5 –Chap 8-12 –15 M/C (60 Points), 4 Short Essay (40 Points) – Extra credit (5 Points)--- What is the derivation of the name “cookie” used by Internet Browsers? Discussion on Legal, Ethical and International Issues

3. Chapter 12 Legal, Ethical, And International Issues

4. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 4 OBJECTIVES Ethical Issues –What is Ethics? –Major Threats –Improving the Climate –Code of Ethics –Self-Assessment –Privacy Factor Legal Issues –Liability Question –Basis of Liability –Copyrights and Trademarks –Website – Product / Service? –Warranties –Strict Liability –Taxation Issues

5. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 5 Legality, Morality, Ethics Morality –Who I am –Decided early in life Family, Religion, Culture Ethics –What I Do Societies, associations –Professional Codes of ethics Medical, Education, Marketing Legality –Where I am –Created by governments

6. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 6 WHAT IS ETHICS? Fairness, justice, equity, honesty, trustworthiness and equality Subjective B D C A Legal ImmoralMoral Illegal

7. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 7 Where does it fit? Theft –Theft to settle a debt Abortion Bombing of Iraq Capital Punishment Killing in self-defense Fraudulent sales B D C A Legal Moral Illegal Immoral

8. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 8 Ethical (and maybe legal) Issues in eCommerce Privacy Confidentiality Integrity Property rights –Software –Piracy & Plagiarism –Value and ownership of Data

9. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 9 Privacy “There is no express right to privacy guaranteed in the United States Constitution” Tort violation (Civil Law) –Intrusion onto seclusion –Public disclosure of private facts –False light publicity –Commercial misappropriation of a person name or likeness

10. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 10 PRIVACY FACTOR Notice –Right to be told in advance Choice –Final say regarding the use of personal info Access –Access and correct any personal info Security/integrity Enforcement –Backed by the courts if any principles are violated

11. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 11 MAJOR ETHICAL THREATS Faster computers and networks Sophisticated telecommunications and routers Massive distributed databases Eases of access to information and knowledge base Transparency of software

12. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 12 IMPROVING THE CLIMATE Top management support Code of ethics Ethics training program Motivation to focus on honesty and integrity

13. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 13 WHERE TO START Bottom-up –Inculcates ethics behavior at the employee level with full support of top management Top-down –The actions of the company start with the CEO –Extend to a variety of stakeholders

14. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 14 CODE OF ETHICS A declaration of principles and beliefs that govern how employees of a corporation are to behave Inspirational and disciplinary All-encompassing and stable over time Examples –http://www.acm.org/constitution/code.htmlhttp://www.acm.org/constitution/code.html –http://www.apa.org/ethics/code2002.htmlhttp://www.apa.org/ethics/code2002.html –http://www.spj.org/ethics_code.asphttp://www.spj.org/ethics_code.asp –http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/2498.htmlhttp://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/2498.html

15. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 15 SELF-ASSESSMENT A question-and-answer procedure Allows individuals to appraise and understand their personal knowledge about a particular topic An educational experience http://www.ethics.org/quicktest/index.cfm

16. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 16 THE LIABILITY QUESTION Liability of Designer –Nontrivial errors –Out-of-bound errors –May be mitigated by principle of respondent superior Liability of User –Passive negligence Basis of Liability –Tort law (Civil versus criminal actions) –Product Liability Designer or Manufacturer of Product is liable –Strict Liability Seller is liable

17. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 17 TORT LAWS ON INTERNET Settling contract problems between e-merchants and ISP –No regulatory body Fraud –intent to deceive Negligence –failing to make certain action causing injury/material losses False advertising –Lack of availability of Product Misrepresentation –claiming a product will perform certain functions when it could not Trademark violations –under intellectual property law

18. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 18 WEB SITE – PRODUCT/SERVICE? Product –Software sold off-the-shelf –Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) allows developer to limit liability for defective Web sites though a disclaimer of warranties Service –Custom-designed software –Negligence principles should be used

19. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 19 WARRANTIES Assurance made by seller about the goods sold Express warranty –Offered orally or in writing by maker of products Implied warranty –Arises automatically when a sale is made –Merchantability Disclaimer –Seller’s intention to protect the business from unwanted liability Legal –Magnuson-Moss Consumer Product Warranty Act (1975) –Universal Commercial Code (UCCC) –Maine Consumer code http://www.state.me.us/ag/index.php?r=clg&s=chap4

20. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 20 COPYRIGHT Copyrights –Ownership of an original work created by an author –A form of intellectual property protection covers the “look and feel” and content of printed media –Gives author the right to exclude others from using the finished work –Good for life of its author + 70 years

21. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 21 TRADEMARK/TRADE NAME A word/symbol distinguishing a good from other goods in the market A maze of federal and state laws Ownership –Web designer – “work made for hire”

22. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 22 STRICT LIABILITY Joint liability for developers, manufacturers and distributors if tort theory applies Protects Web visitor regardless of whether anyone is at fault

23. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 23 TAXATION ISSUES Controversial –Different jurisdiction –Consumers’ reaction Legal –Internet Tax Freedom Act No taxes till 2001 –Internet Nondiscrimination Act of 2000 No taxes till 2006 (5 year extension)

24. Chapter 12 Legal, Ethical, And International Issues