1. © 2001 J. Douglass Klein Mrs. Gilbert Jones on Suffrage “The plea of the Suffragists is for the equality of the sexes… The Anti-Suffragists grant the equality of the sexes. Men are no better than women … But the ‘Anti’ insists that the difference between the sexes shall not be ignored.” (158) “…there is still a chasm between them [the sexes], in spite of the fact that the heights on either side are equally majestic.” (169) “It is clear that in trying to prove the equality of the sexes they [the Suffragists] are encouraging one of the greatest evils society has to deal with in this twentieth century.” (165)

2. © 2001 J. Douglass Klein B. T. Washington, “Up from Slavery” “No enterprise seeking the material, civil, or moral welfare of this section [the South] can disregard this element of our population and reach the highest success.” (218) “Nearly sixteen millions of hands will aid you in pulling the load upward, or they will pull against you the load downward. We shall constitute one-third and more of the ignorance and crime of the South, or one-third its intelligence and progress; we shall contribute one-third to the business and industrial prosperity of the South, or we shall prove a veritable body of death, stagnating, depressing, retarding every effort to advance the body politic.” (222)

3. © 2001 J. Douglass Klein B. T. Washington, “Up from Slavery” “In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress.” (221-222) “The wisest among my race understand that the agitation of questions of social equality is the extremist folly, and that progress in the enjoyment of all the privileges that will come to us must be the result of severe and constant struggle rather than of artificial forcing.” (223)

4. © 2001 J. Douglass Klein

5. W.E.B. DuBois Felt that Booker T. Washingtion was, as paraphrased by Dinesh D’Souza, the original Uncle Tom. “DuBois argued that basic legal rights were the indispensable pre-requisite for exercising those virtues [of duty and responsibility], and ‘until we get these rights we will never cease to protest and assail the ears of America.’ ” (D’Sousa, “Up From Dependency,” Wall Street Journal, 3/25/92)

6. © 2001 J. Douglass Klein Race Relations At stake are issues of mandated integration vs. segregation. Affirmative action, set-asides, and welfare vs. “judging people on individual achievement rather than race”. (D’Souza) Do these debates apply to gender issues as well as race?

7. © 2001 J. Douglass Klein Economics of Discrimination If only some firms discriminate, they pay lower wages, making an opportunity for other firms to gain a competitive advantage by hiring away skilled workers at low cost. BUT If all firms discriminate, then a two-tiered economy evolves with many of the same welfare losses as exist with trade barriers. If each race (or gender) tries to be self- sufficient, all lose the benefits of specialization and trade.