1. Transmitting and Tracking Packets of Data Through The TCP and UDP Network Protocols Todd Deshane Ashwin Venkatraman McNair Program Clarkson University

2. Overview Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Research questions and methodology Data analysis and conclusions

3. Internet Protocols e-mail client TCP/UDP server IP server ethernet driver/card user X SMTP TCP/UDP IP e-mail server TCP/UDP server IP server ethernet driver/card user Y IEEE 802.3 standard electric signals English CS454 (Computer Communication) Clarkson University, Summer 2002

4. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Handshaking Reliable data transfer Flow Control Congestion Control Hi there Hey there, I am ready for data Sending Data I got it. Ready for more! Connection-oriented service!

5. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) No Handshaking! No Reliable data transfer No Flow Control No Congestion Control Sending data! Connectionless- oriented service! Sending data!

6. Research Questions TCP Elegant Protocol Lots of nice features Slower UDP Barebones Protocol Lacks reliability Faster How much do we pay to use TCP? How do we measure performance? What causes the differences in performance?

7. Measuring Network Traffic Basic terminology: Network data represented in packets Packet sizes represented in bytes Things to measure: Elapsed Time Total data sent … Total received Effective Throughput (data received/time) Efficiency (Percent received)

8. Procedure Transmitter (Client) Receiver (Server) Method Start Server Send data to Receiver Record Statistics

9. PCATTCP Software Utility Created by Printing Communications Associates, Inc. (PCAUSA) Windows version of Test TCP (TTCP) Bench-marking tool for TCP and UDP Command-line based Modified to: Automate the testing process Use handshakes between trials Enhance UDP transfers

10. Different PCATTCP Trials Same Host (same computer) Same Switch (same lab) LAN to LAN (Clarkson to SUNY Potsdam) LAN to Internet (Clarkson to a Roadrunner service) Same LAN (inside Clarkson) Note: LAN stands for “Local Area Network”

11. Results LAN to LAN LAN to Internet

12. Results Same Switch Same LAN

13. Conclusions Effective Throughput UDP is usually higher 6 times better on same LAN 2 times better LAN to LAN TCP is sometimes better 2 times better on same switch Slightly better from LAN to Road Runner (large packet sizes) Efficiency TCP always has 100% UDP Usually near 100% on same switch and LAN Usually less than 50% from LAN to LAN Usually less than 10% from LAN to Road Runner

14. Discussion Causes of lower throughput with UDP UDP does not retransmit lost packets Minimal on same switch and same LAN Significant from LAN to LAN and LAN to Road Runner UDP lacks flow control Has minimal effect on same LAN and switch Has significant effect from LAN to LAN and LAN to Road Runner UDP has IP fragmentation Has significant effect on same switch

15. Future Plans Use larger data sets (instead of 8 MB, 1 Gig) Use our PCATTCP software on Wireless technology Port our PCATTCP version from Windows to UNIX Test across platforms

16. Acknowledgements Ronald E. McNair Scholars Program Dr. Jeanna Matthews, Clarkson University The Computer and Technology Services at SUNY Potsdam

17. Questions?

18. LAN to Internet