2. The Nuclear Compton Telescope (NCT) Project Hsiang-Kuang Chang Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan

3. The Nuclear Compton Telescope (NCT) Project A prototype for a future High Energy Astrophysics Observatory space mission 主持人 國立清華大學 張祥光 共同主持人 國立中央大學 張元翰 NCT-Taiwan PI: Chang, Hsiang-Kuang (NTHU) Co-PI: Chang, Yuan-Hann (NCU) NCT-US PI: Boggs, Steven (UCB)

4. The NCT Collaboration NCT-TW NTHU Chang, Hsiang-Kuang Cheung, Kingman* Chiu, Jeng-Lun Kong, Albert* Liang, Jau-Shian NCU Chang, Hui-Hong Chang, Yuan-Hann Chou, Yi* Hong, Wei-Che Hwang, Chorng-Yuan* Liu, Tsong-Kai NTNU Chen, Lin-Wen* NCTU Lin, Guey-Lin* NSPO Lin, Chih-Hsun NUU Chiang, Hsuang-Chang Huang, Ming-Huei Juan, Jui-Hsiang NCKU Chen, Bing-Chih* NCT-US UCB Bandstra, Mark Bellm, Eric Boggs, Steven Bowen, Jason Hoberman, Jane McBride, Stephen Wunderer, Cornelia Zoglauer, Andreas LBNL Amman, Mark * Scientific associates

5. COMPTEL 1-30 MeV Source Catalog (Schönfelder et al. 2000) Unique 0.2-10 MeV Science nuclear lines e - -e + annihilation peak emission for GRBs polarization The MeV Universe Interesting sources include: * Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) * supernova remnants (SNRs) * interstellar clouds * galactic black holes and microquasars * gamma-ray pulsars * neutron stars and magnetars * solar flares * terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) * gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)

6. CGRO/COMPTEL INTEGRAL/SPI Incoming photons Liquid scintillators NaI

7. The principle of a Compton detector (left panel) and the Compton Nuclear Telescope (NCT, right panel), which consists of 12 cross-strip 3-D germanium detectors. NCT: basic design

8. Cross Strip 3-D GeD: 37x37 strips 2-mm pitch 16-mm thickness 84000 mm 3 volume 1 mm 3 localization 1-2 keV spectral resolution

9. InstrumentCOMPTELINTEGRAL/SPIINTEGRAL/IBIS Energy range 0.8 – 30 MeV0.02 – 8 MeV0.015 – 10 MeV Spectral resolution 5 – 8 % 0.2 % @ 1 MeV8 % @ 100 keV 10 % @ 1 MeV Angular resolution 1.7 – 4.4 degree 2 degree12 arcmin Field of view1 str16 degree8 degree NCT: basic characteristics 2 cross-strip 3-D GeDs NCT performance (12 GeDs, 3 , 800 ks). Energy range0.2–10 MeV Spectral resolution0.2–1% FWHM Field of view (FoV) 40  60  FWHM Angular resolution ~2-3  HPHW Effective area5-18 cm 2 Narrow line sensitivity (1-2)  10 -5  cm -2 s -1 Continuum sensitivity ~(1MeV/E)  10 -4 cm -2 s -1 MeV -1 100% Polarization sensitivity37 mCrab (0.2-0.5 MeV)

10. Line Sensitivity Effective Area Polarization Sensitivity Continuum Sensitivity Performance expectations for the NCT 12-GeD balloon payload

11. The side view of a future gamma-ray imaging spectrometer (left panel) and 1/4 of the detector array (right panel). The size of the coded mask is about 80 cm x 80 cm. The height from the bottom of the detector array to the code mask is about 60 cm. HEO: a future satellite mission

12. Energy range 20 – 100 keV (coded aperture) 0.2 – 10 MeV (Compton telescope) Energy resolution (FWHM) 1 keV (20 – 100 keV) 0.2 - 1 % (0.2 – 10 MeV) Angular resolution 15 ' (20 – 100 keV) 1 ∘ (0.2 – 10 MeV) Point source localization 2 ' - 5 ' Field of view25% sky HEO: a future satellite mission Unique features of the NCT and the future HEO include: compact volume high sensitivity capability of polarization measurement The pioneer of the next generation Compton telescope

13. Conventional balloon flight, 6 hours, NM, 2005, 2 GeDs Conventional balloon flight, ~ 36 hours, NM, 2009, 10 or 12 GeDs Long-duration balloon flight, ~ 2 weeks, Australia, 2010/2011, 12 GeDs NCT Balloon flight plan

14. NCT instrument Nitrogen tank Germanium detectorBGO shielding Electronics bay Balloon control and communication unit 2005 Engineering run

16. 10 GeDs have been integrated

17. Cryostat integrated with dewar

18. NCT cradle, 2008/07

19. The block diagram of the top level NCT DAQ system.

20. The assembled PreAmp board (flight module) and the shielding cover

21. Block diagram of Card Cage System

22. Top view of Analog board

23. Mechanical part assembly of Analog board FM

25. The card cage crate

28. NCT electronics bay, 2008/07

30. System Block and Responsibility NCU NUU NTHU

31. Conventional balloon flight, 6 hours, NM, 2005, 2 GeDs Conventional balloon flight, ~ 36 hours, NM, 2009, 10 or 12 GeDs Long-duration balloon flight, ~ 2 weeks, Australia, 2010, 12 GeDs NCT Balloon flight plan

32. HEO Key Science Projects Gamma-Ray Bursts  rapid localization for ground follow up  spectra, luminosity  polarization Cosmic Gamma-Ray Survey  diffuse nuclear emission  diffuse electron-positron annihilation  supernova remnants ( 26 Al, 60 Fe; 44 Ti)  point source survey  gamma ray pulsars  neutron star equation of state Cosmic Hard X-ray Survey  daily all-sky map, transients  deep all-sky massive black hole (AGN) survey  deep Galactic black hole, neutron star survey Solar  flare spectroscopy  flare polarization  quiescent emission NCT can do … Thank you !