1. Statistics

2. What does the mean mean? Numbers x 1,…, x N their mean value is their sum divided by N

3. What is the mean height of an American presidentWhat is the mean height of an American president? X values are: 64,66,66,67,67,67,68,68,68,68,68.5,69,69,69.5,7 0,70,70,70,70.5,71,71,71,71,71.5,72,72,72,72,72,72,72,72,73,73,74,74,74,74,74.5,74.5,75,76 N=42 Mean =(64+2x66+3x67+4x68+68.5+2x69+69. 5+5x70+70.5+4x71+71.5+8x72+2x73+4x74+2 x74.5+75+76)/42= 70.69

4. Histogram of president heights

5. Obama is 6'1 (73 inches) and tied with Andrew Jackson and Ronald Reagan for 9th tallest president.

6. What does the median mean? Given numbers x 1,…, x N their MEDIAN is the number that is less than half the numbers and greater than half the numbers. What is the median height for a U.S. president?

7. Variance The variance of numbers x 1,…, x N is the sum of the squares of their differences from their mean, divided by N-1. The sample deviation is the square root of the variance.

8. Are tall people smarter? How tall is Randy Newman?

9. why? HeightPresidentHeightPresident 5ft4James Madison5ft11George W. Bush Grover Cleveland Herbert Hoover Woodrow Wilson 5ft6Benjamin Harrison Martin Van Buren 5ft11.5Richard Nixon 5ft7John Quincy Adams John Adams William McKinley 6ftJames Buchanan Gerald R. Ford James Garfield Warren Harding John F. Kennedy James Monroe William H. Taft John Tyler 5ft8Ulysses S. Grant William H. Harrison James Polk Zachary Taylor 6ft1Andrew Jackson Ronald Reagan 5ft8.5Rutherford Hayes6ft2Chester Arthur George Bush Franklin D. Roosevelt George Washington 5ft9Millard Fillmore Harry S. Truman 6ft2.5Bill Clinton Thomas Jefferson 5ft9.5Jimmy Carter6ft3Lyndon B. Johnson 5ft10Calvin Coolidge Andrew Johnson Franklin Pierce Theodore Roosevelt 6ft4Abraham Lincoln 5ft10.5Dwight D. Eisenhower

10. Statistical significance The significance level of a test is a traditional frequentist statistical hypothesis testing concept. In simple cases, it is defined as the probability of making a decision to reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is actually true (a decision known as a Type I error, or "false positive determination"). The decision is often made using the p-value: if the p-value is less than the significance level, then the null hypothesis is rejected. The smaller the p-value, the more significant the result is said to be.

11. Household income in the United States

12. Mean and median household incomes Compute the mean household income based on the data above Compute the median based on the data above.

13. Body mass index

15. Human metabolism During respiration, plants and animals consume oxygen and emit carbon dioxide. Such is life! Just for breathing, humans emit per person each day some 1,140 grams of CO2, assuming they eat normally and follow the mean diet of 2,800 kcal (more or less, since the caloric efficiency of burnt carbon also depends on the type of food: fat, protein or carbohydrates). The amount of CO2 emitted per person per day is not negligible. It is equivalent to the emission of a car in a 5 km stretch. If we multiply the 1,140 grams/day by 6 billion persons then, just for breathing, humanity emits per year some 2.5 billion tons of CO2... a considerable amount, more than the reduction required by the Kyoto Protocol (that reduction is a bit less than 1 billion tons, 5% of the 1990 emission). But the net balance between the carbon absorbed by feeding and the carbon emitted by breathing is almost zero, so is the same how many people we are. Nevertheless a little bit of the carbon we eat is transformed in methane, wich molecule has a greater potential of warming than the CO2... Basal metabolic rate

16. Health statistics The Centers for Disease Control web site has a lot of data on various health statistics for the U.S. Example: Is obesity a problem in the U.S.?